Classic models predicting a depth that separates brittle deformation in the upper crust from a region below in which deformation is dominated by ductile processes have long been outdated. In fact, the deformation behavior of Earth’s lithosphere is more complex and brittle and ductile processes may interact throughout the lithosphere. In the rock record, brittle deformation may be expressed as features ranging from micro-fracturing of mineral grains up to seismic ruptures (e.g., pseudotachylytes) or large-scale faults, and ductile deformation is typically expressed as shear zones ranging from millimeter to kilometer scales. Factors known to determine whether strain is accommodated by brittle and/or ductile processes include, but are not limited to: material properties (e.g., grain size, composition), strain rate, strain incompatibilities, pressure-temperature conditions, the availability of fluids, and rock modification by metamorphic reactions.

The multitude of possible factors determining the deformation style in the lithosphere make a comprehensive understanding of the deformation behavior of Earth’s lithosphere challenging. In this session we aim to tackle the complex topic of lithospheric deformation by combining observations from natural rocks with those from experimental and numerical studies.

Understanding rock deformation requires zooming into the finest details of mineral fabrics down to the nanoscale. Electron and X-ray microscopy performed with laboratory instruments or synchrotrons provides a wide range of imaging techniques in real space (e.g., micro-tomography, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, backscattered- and secondary-electron microscopy, ptychography) and reciprocal space (electron-backscatter diffraction, transmission micro-XRD, small-angle X-ray scattering). This session welcomes studies that use these cutting-edge analytical techniques to investigate strain localization, fluid–rock/mineral interactions, and the links between nano(geo)sciences- to regional-scale deformation across the Earth’s crust. We particularly encourage contributions that integrate such high-resolution datasets with natural observations, experimental techniques and numerical modelling.

Geological materials such as ice and olivine are often modelled as viscous fluids at the large scale. However, they have complex, evolving microstructures which are not present in normal fluids, and these can have a significant impact on large-scale flow behaviour. These different materials have many commonalities in how the evolving microstructure influences the large scale flow, yet research is often siloed into individual disciplines.

With this session, we aim to bring together researchers from a range of disciplines, studying a variety of anisotropic materials, and working on different aspects of complex viscous flow such as: viscous anisotropy related to CPO or extrinsic microstructures; crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) or fabric evolution; other controls on rheology such as grain size, dynamic recrystallisation and deformation mechanisms; and impact of rheology on complex flow, e.g. in the transition through a shear margin.

We encourage submissions investigating this topic through numerical modelling, laboratory experiments and observational studies. We are aiming to convene an inclusive and collaborative session, and invite contributions from all disciplines. We particularly encourage early career researchers to participate.

This session will focus on the latest developments in understanding the mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of rock salt and other evaporites. Contributions are invited on experimental, analytical, and modeling approaches that explore deformation mechanisms and the influence of petrophysical as well as microstructural features on the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of salt rocks. Particular emphasis is placed on laboratory testing methods, innovative characterization techniques, and the influence of the mineralogical-geochemical composition and impurities on mechanical performance.

Fluid-rock interactions play a pivotal role in shaping crustal dynamics and influencing subsurface engineering processes. From the shallow sedimentary rocks down to the deep magmatic and metamorphic rocks, fluids govern aspects such as deformation localization, earthquake genesis, and the emergence of metamorphic reactions and rheological weakening. In most cases, there is a dynamic feedback between fluids, deformation and metamorphism at all scales. Fluids are critical not only for creating robust models of the solid Earth but also for advancing subsurface engineering endeavors like geothermal energy recovery, hydrogen storage and extraction as well as permanent carbon storage.
As we navigate through the ongoing energy transition, enhancing these interactions for maximum geo-resource efficacy is a vital priority. The legacy inscribed within rock records paints a vivid picture of intricate interplay between mineral reactions, fluid flow and deformation—testaments to the often-intense nature of fluid-rock interactions.
This session aims to draw the current picture of the advances and challenges, whether conceptual, methodological, or experimental when considering the role of fluid-rock interactions. We invite contributions that utilize an array of methodologies, ranging from natural observations, microstructural assessments, and geochemical analyses to rock mechanics, all intertwined with modelling techniques. This modelling can span from ab initio simulations to continuum scale simulations, ensuring a comprehensive exploration of fluid-rock/mineral interactions. Contributions that harness the power of artificial intelligence and its subsets are particularly encouraged.

Fluids play a critical role in the physical and chemical evolution of the Earth’s crust. They control heat and mass transfer, drive mineral reactions, and have a strong influence on deformation processes. The movement and interaction of aqueous geofluids with rocks in the upper crust are therefore fundamental for processes such as critical raw material mineralisation and the development of geothermal systems. Understanding fluid flow drivers, pathways, and fluid–rock interactions requires approaches that can bridge spatial and temporal scales, from tectonic plates down to individual grains.

We invite to this session all contributions that address fluid flow and fluid–rock interaction in especial those that bridge scales, explore the dynamics of the systems and apply new numerical, experimental, or analytical techniques that improve our ability to understand fluid flow in the Earth’s crust.

Ductile shear zones are first-order fluid conduits in the crust, where fluids are hosted by grain boundaries, cracks and pores, all of which evolve during deformation. This evolution controls where fluid will migrate and interact with rocks. We only have a limited systematic knowledge of porosity and permeability generation in natural ductile shear zones and are thus unable to predict their syn-kinematic fluid transport properties. This shortcoming severely affects our assessments of fluid-mediated processes in plate boundaries. In this session we aim to explore the latest progress towards better understanding how fluids move in actively deforming ductile shear zones. We welcome contributions that focus on the dynamic evolution of fluid pathways and porosity, and the migration of fluids in rocks during ductile deformation, including tracking of fluids on multiple scales. Given the cross-disciplinary nature of the topic, we invite contributions from structural geology, metamorphic petrology, geodynamic modelling, isotope geochemistry, geochronology, economic geology and all other relevant disciplines and perspectives.

Tectonic faults accommodate plate motion through a spectrum of seismic and aseismic slip that spans a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Understanding the mechanics and interplay between these deformation modes is central to seismotectonics, as it directly influences the seismic hazard assessment. Fluids play a key role by modulating effective stress and interacting with the evolving permeability and porosity of fault zones. Such hydro-mechanical and chemical feedbacks can promote transitions between stable and unstable slip, influencing earthquake nucleation and arrest as well as the occurrence of slow fault slip phenomena. Advancing our understanding of these processes is essential for constraining the physical conditions that control fault slip behaviors. We invite contributions from observational, experimental, geological, and theoretical studies that explore the diversity and interplay among seismic and aseismic slip phenomena in various tectonic environments. Key questions include: (1) How do fluids, fault properties, and loading conditions shape the distribution of seismic versus aseismic slip? (2) Can the same fault patches host different slip behaviors over time? (3) What systematic spatial or temporal relations exist between aseismic and seismic slip?

Fracture systems are fundamental structural features controlling the mechanical, hydraulic, and geochemical behaviour of rock masses. Their influence ranges from the stability of natural and engineered slopes to fluid migration processes.
This session aims to bring together researchers from different fields to explore and compare methodologies for investigating fractured rock masses, emphasising the value of integrated multi-scale (from grain-scale microcracks to meso-scale fracture networks, up to tectonic-scale systems) and multidisciplinary approaches.
We welcome contributions across a broad geological and process-based context, linking observations and methods from field-based surveys, outcrop characterisation, laboratory testing, microstructural analysis, numerical and analogue modelling, remote sensing, and geophysical imaging. Applications to natural hazards (e.g., rockfalls, landslides), energy and resource exploration, fluid transport and storage, structural geology and tectonics, are particularly encouraged. By bringing together structural geology, rock mechanics, and engineering geology, the session aims to foster a constructive and stimulating discussion on fractures across scales and disciplines, addressing both scientific and practical challenges.

Natural fault zones are structurally complex systems, comprise fractures and faults of millimeters to hundreds of kilometers in length, and may generate aseismic slip and earthquakes over many orders of magnitude. How the elastic strain potential energy is released on a fault or across a fault system during slip is dictated by both on- and off-fault processes operating over a wide range of spatiotemporal scales. Understanding how effectively our current approaches quantify fault loading and strain release requires integrating a variety of approaches from microscopic to regional length scales and over time scales ranging from fractions of seconds during coseismic slip to thousands of years during the seismic cycle. This session solicits a wide range of contributions, including, but not limited to, multiphysics modeling, laboratory experiments, geological, geodetic, and seismological observations of tectonic or induced earthquakes, with work considering the partitioning of energy in diffuse or localized deformation.

Magmatic processes play a primary role in shaping the Earth's outermost layer. These processes include the formation of magma storage zones, involving crystal mush, and their subsequent magmatic out-flux driven host-rock deformations. A rigorous understanding of melt transport mechanisms has stimulated a substantial body of research focused on elucidating how the coupled rheologies of magma and host rocks control the geometry and evolution of magmatic pathways. Traditional models have often represented magma as a Newtonian fluid. However, recent studies demonstrate that magmas commonly exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, where strain rate, crystal fraction, bubble content, and shear localization critically influence the effective viscosity. Similarly, host rocks respond to magma emplacement through complex viscoelastic to viscoelasto-plastic processes, incorporating creep, fracturing, and progressive damage accumulation. Interplay between these contrasting rheological regimes produces a wide spectrum of intrusive geometries, ranging from tabular to irregular, non-tabular conduits and batholiths. Theoretical and experimental prediction of these geometries under specific magma–wall-rock rheological combinations, coupled with the understanding of magma storage and transport mechanisms remain a central challenge. Therefore, the field is moving toward a comprehensive understanding of magma transport from source to surface, with particular emphasis on the role of crustal rheology in controlling emplacement patterns, influencing the resulting surface deformation. This session seeks to highlight innovative approaches and advanced modeling strategies that can be employed to investigate magmatic systems, with particular emphasis on the fundamental processes governing magma storage, melt transport, emplacement mechanisms, host-rock response and associated surface deformation. We invite contributions from a broad spectrum of disciplines, encompassing field-based investigations, InSAR and remote-sensing techniques, seismicity and seismic imaging, gravity and electromagnetic studies, as well as analogue, numerical, and thermal modeling. In addition, we welcome studies focusing on the applications of AI and machine learning in understanding magmatic processes. Our final goal is to foster an integrated discussion about magma dynamics and related processes by bridging field and remote-sensing observations with theoretical frameworks and experimental constraints.

This session will emphasis on Deciphering Shear Zones Kinematics around the world from Microstructures to Macrostructures. Field structural mapping of Shear Zones and associated rocks, Micro to Macro scale structural features and their interpretations are most welcome to this session. Both young as well as experienced professionals working on shear zone are encouraged to present their ongoing research works as oral and poster presentations.

Continental rifting is a complex process spanning from the inception of extension to continental rupture or the formation of a failed rift. This session aims to combine new data, concepts and techniques elucidating the structure and dynamics of rifts and rifted margins. We invite submissions addressing the time-dependent evolution of processes such as faults and ductile shear zones development, tectonic and sedimentary history, magma migration, storage and volcanism, lithospheric necking and rift strength loss, influence of the pre-rift lithospheric structure, rift kinematics and plate motion, mantle flow and dynamic topography, as well as break-up and the transition to seafloor spreading. We encourage contributions using multi-disciplinary and innovative methods from field geology, geochronology, geochemistry, petrology, seismology, geodesy, marine geophysics, plate reconstruction, or numerical or analogue modelling. Emphasis will be given to presentations that bridge spatial and temporal scales and integrate insights from active rifts, passive margins, and failed rift arms.

The session invites contributions that expand a broad spectrum of processes and time and space scales. We invite studies that investigate the forces leading to the initiation of rifting, the evolution of the modes of extension of the lithosphere, the gradual localisation and time and space migration of the deformation, or the relative importance between magmatic and tectonics in their interplay. These are all processes inadequately understood and often summarised by conceptual end-member models. The time and space evolution from continental rifting to the formation of the transition to an oceanic system, the nucleation of spreading cells and spreading segments, although locally described, are not yet linked to well defined processes. Further, we encourage contributions on the 3D interaction between seafloor spreading and rifting, the role of spreading center propagation and ridge jumps, again all interpreted in some regions, but their significance is still not incorporated in models. Likewise, a better understanding of the time scale of currently active processes, from earthquake rupture to magma chamber evolution, have implications for understanding changes trough longer-scale time. Thus, we also welcome contributions that use comparatively short-term studies, to investigate the styles and rates of processes during the evolution of large-scale Earth systems.

Crustal-scale low-angle normal faults (LANFs) and extensional detachments are dynamic structures, shaping the Earth’s crust over geological time intervals and potentially cumulating tens of kms of vertical and horizontal displacement. In the oceanic realm, they are also major players that accommodate (hyper) crustal extension and mantle exhumation at magma-poor passive margins and at slow to ultra-slow oceanic ridges, often linked to hydrothermal systems. Detachments testify thus to the past or ongoing crustal/lithospheric extension, where ductile and brittle deformation during strain localisation are characterised by (i) a progressive ductile-to-brittle transition during the shear zone evolution en route towards shallow crustal levels or (ii) can coexist at different structural levels, making the reconstruction of detachment evolution even more complex.
For this reason, constraints on brittle and ductile strain localisation and on their precise age of activation are increasingly relevant. This acquires a higher importance by looking at the architecture and mechanics of extensional detachments, where through-time superposed domains with different mineralogy and, thus, petrophysical properties, dramatically change the mechanical response of shear- and fault zones during progressive deformation. Coexisting or partitioned seismic vs. aseismic deformation, as well as repeated cycles of shear zone weakening/hardening and syn-tectonic fluid flow and fluid-rock interactions, might be governed by this through-time (and still partially underinvestigated) structural complexities.
- What guides this different deformation response of shear and fault zones?
- What allows the initiation and evolution of detachment zones, should they be continental or oceanic, and which processes act coevally or diachronously?
- What is the link between detachment formation and hydrothermal activity?
- What is the role of tectonic or thermal inheritance in the formation of LANFs and detachments?
All contributions fostering discussions on these points are welcome in this session, including comparisons between continental and oceanic systems. We encourage the submission of research based on a multidisciplinary and multiscale approach, encompassing, among others, field analysis, seismic and other geophysical investigations, numerical and laboratory modelling and absolute dating and petrological constraints of syn-kinematic fabrics and mineralisation.

Continental collision is one of the most significant processes in lithospheric evolution, driving mountain building, crustal thickening, and the formation of supercontinents. Within the context of the Wilson cycle, continental collision follows a sequence of continental rifting, ocean spreading, and subduction. Early-stage rifting and the development of passive margins therefore precede the accretion of continental fragments and the collision of continental margins, leaving behind intricate structural and stratigraphic records that complicate tectonic interpretations in convergent settings. Similarly, the resulting fold-and-thrust belts and orogens feature important characteristics of structural, thermal, and chemical inheritance that may impact future rifting events. Present-day fold-and-thrust belts demonstrate considerable diversity in spatial extent, rift-related structures, rheological characteristics, syn- and post-orogenic sedimentation, and magmatic activity—all of which influence the dynamics of previous collision and future rifting episodes and the distribution of georesources.
Positive and negative inversion tectonics have been the subject of intensive study, aiming to understand how inherited geological features control both short- and long-term evolutionary trends. Yet, several key questions remain open: i) How do variations in sequence stratigraphy, the presence of multiple décollements, structural segmentation, and syn-tectonic sedimentation influence collision and rifting processes? ii) How does the thermal evolution of rifting and post-rifting stages affect lithosphere-scale orogenesis and vice versa? iii) How does the rifting style (fast vs. slow, magmatic vs. non-magmatic) shape the structural and chemical character of deep orogenic roots and their subsequent activation as extensional zones? iv) What are the implications for georesources accumulation and preservation?
This session seeks to address these questions through a multidisciplinary lens. We invite abstracts that explore the short- and long-term dynamics, as well as the structural geometry and evolution of rift systems and orogens subsequently involved in positive or negative tectonic inversion, using a range of methodologies—including, but not limited to, structural fieldwork, cross-section construction and balancing, 3D structural modelling, seismic analysis, analogue and numerical modeling, rock mechanics, geomorphology, thermochronology, and geophysical investigations.

The Mediterranean Sea and the surrounding orogenic belts are located in a diffuse plate boundary zone accommodating the convergence between Africa and Eurasia. A broad range of geodynamic processes characterise this complex deformation zone, resulting in a significant geohazard.
The Mediterranean domain has been and continues to be a test bed for new imaging and geodynamic modelling techniques. While significant progress has been made in understanding the tectonic processes in the region, important questions regarding the driving forces, the three-dimensional lithospheric stress field, seismic coupling, and magma ascent remain unanswered. The integration of 3D geophysical imaging with geologic observations and modelling allows us to bridge spatial and temporal scales, providing an overview of the entire crust-mantle system.

In this session, we intend to create an interdisciplinary platform to present recent results and new concepts, as well as to highlight open questions and methodological challenges. Our focus will be on the evolution of Mediterranean tectonics and geodynamics, covering a time span from the Permian to the present.

We invite contributions from all disciplines and scales in the earth sciences including, but not limited to, field geology, geochemistry, petrochronology, volcanology, geophysical methods, geodesy, seismology, sedimentology, geodynamic modeling, and marine geology.

The North European (Caledonian), North American (Appalachian), and European–North African (Variscan) Paleozoic orogenic belts are a complex collage of accreted terranes and oceanic sutures defined by magmatism, deformation, and metamorphism. These orogenic belts do not represent isolated systems, detailed mapping and geochronological work has shown that subduction of oceanic crust in the Iapetan and Rheic systems was at least partly coeval. In addition, late Paleozoic overprinting of earlier orogenic features by tectonic and thermal events has obscured crucial geochronological, structural, and geochemical records. As a result, defining the continuity between individual terranes and oceanic sutures of various age in different areas remains a significant challenge. To address these issues, we invite colleagues across Earth Sciences to contribute to advancing our understanding of geodynamic processes and the large-scale organization of this complex orogenic collage. We particularly welcome detailed petrological, structural, geochronological, and multidisciplinary regional studies, as well as lithospheric- to mantle-scale modeling studies that target an integrated picture of Paleozoic re-arrangement of continents and ocean.

Subduction is a dynamic process that drives and maintains plate tectonics, recycling the lithosphere and shaping Earth’s long-term evolution. Subduction zones are responsible for a large proportion of Earth’s volcanism and seismicity, where complex interactions between the subducting slab and the overriding plate occur. Observations from geophysics, geology, and geodesy have revealed intricate slab geometries and mantle flow patterns, linking subduction dynamics directly to surface deformation and hazards. Geochemical studies of volcanic arcs provide further insights into the chemical and thermal processes at play at the slab surface and within the mantle wedge, underscoring subduction's uniqueness among terrestrial planets and its implications for planetary evolution and habitability.

Recent advances in numerical and laboratory modeling have enhanced our understanding of subduction zone processes. However, challenges remain in achieving a consistent picture of the controlling parameters of subduction dynamics. Variations in methodologies, model setups, and input assumptions often lead to contrasting conclusions across geochemical, geodetic, tectonic, and modelling studies.

This session focuses on the dynamics of subduction zones from processes occurring at the Earth’s surface to interactions deep within the mantle, and on the physical mechanisms that control deformation and magmatism in the overriding plate. Topics include, but are not limited to: subduction geometry, kinematics, and dynamics; mineralogical processes in subduction; dynamics, generation and migration of fluids and melts; controls on volcanic arcs; subduction-induced seismicity; role of sediments and volatiles; influence of subducting seamounts, LIPs and ridges; links between surface tectonics, slab dynamics and mantle flow; slab delamination and break-off; imaging subduction processes; and the role of subduction dynamics in the supercontinent cycle.

We invite contributions from across disciplines — including geodynamics, geophysics, geochemistry, petrology, volcanology and seismology — to discuss subduction dynamics at all scales from the surface to the lower mantle, in both present-day and ancient natural laboratories. We particularly encourage integrative studies that bridge observations, models and scales. While the session is Earth-focused, we also welcome contributions that place subduction in a broader planetary perspective.

This session brings together geoscientists investigating subduction zone processes along the western margin of the Americas from diverse perspectives. We welcome contributions focused on active deformation, seismicity, magmatism, and fluid dynamics, as well as studies addressing the long-term tectonic and geological record of mountain building, basin evolution, and margin reorganization. By integrating short-term observations with long-term reconstructions, this session aims to foster a multidisciplinary dialogue that advances our understanding of one of Earth’s most dynamic and long-lived convergent margins.

The Mid-oceanic ridges (MORs) provide unique opportunities to study two of the three tectonic plate boundaries: the divergent borders along and across the spreading ridge axis, and the tectonically dominated offset zones (e.g., transform faults). Our understanding of the processes building and modifying the oceanic lithosphere has increased over the past 20 years due to advances in deep-sea research technologies, and analytical and numerical modeling techniques. Increasingly, the processes inferred from the present oceanic lithosphere are also transferred into those operating in the Proterozoic and Archean. Yet, the relative role of magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes with their interaction in the formation and accretion of the oceanic lithosphere at the ridge, especially at slow and ultra-slow spreading ridges, and along transform faults, remains poorly constrained. Oceanic transform faults and their extension into the fracture zones have previously been considered to be relatively cold and magmatically inactive; however, evidence for magmatism has recently emerged. The complex network of associated faults provides ideal pathways for hydrothermal percolation into the Earth’s lithosphere and may therefore play a significant role in the chemical and the thermal budget of the planet, as well as in the chemical exchange with the ocean (e.g., nutrients). Yet, little is known about fluid circulation in the oceanic lithosphere in these ultra-slow settings. This session objective is to favor scientific exchange across multiple disciplines and to share recent knowledge acquired along mid-oceanic ridge axes and off-axis, besides the oceanic transform faults and their fracture zones. We particularly welcome studies using modern deep-sea high-resolution techniques and ocean lithosphere drilling. The session also welcomes contributions dealing with recent discoveries in hydrothermal systems, and which integrate geophysical, geochemical, petrological and geological data with numerical modeling tools.

The Tethyan Belt is the most prominent collisional zone on Earth, covering the vast area between far eastern Asia and Europe. The geological-tectonic evolution of the belt shows along-strike heterogeneity between its various regions, including the Indo-Burman Range, the Tibetan-Himalayan region, the Iranian Plateau, Anatolia and the Alps. The Tethyan Belt is the result of the subduction of the Tethyan Oceans, including significant terrane amalgamation, and collisional tectonics along the whole belt. The belt is today strongly affected by the ongoing convergence and collision between the Eurasian, African, Arabian and Indian plates. The long formation history and the variability of tectonic characteristics and deep structures of the belt make it a natural laboratory for understanding the accretion processes that have shaped the Earth through its history and have led to the formation of vast resources in the crust. A major role in the evolution of life by the Tethyan evolution has also been proposed.

We invite contributions based on geological, tectonic, geophysical and geodynamic studies of the Tethyan Belt. We particularly invite interdisciplinary studies, which integrate observational data and interpretations based on a variety of methods. This session will include contributions on the whole suite of studies of the Tethyan Belt with the aim of providing a comprehensive overview of its formation and evolution.

How can we identify active faults when surface evidence is limited or ambiguous? Which strategies best capture their geometry and kinematics from the surface to seismogenic depths? How can present-day deformation be linked to long-term tectonics, and how can emerging technologies and big data reduce uncertainties in seismotectonic models?
These key questions guide this session. Characterizing active faults structurally and dynamically is challenging because geological, seismological, geophysical, and geodetic observations are often fragmented, scale-dependent, or indirect. This leads to major uncertainties in fault geometry, slip behavior, and related stress and strain fields, especially where direct evidence is scarce. To address these challenges, we invite researchers engaged in fieldwork, seismological and geophysical imaging, geodetic monitoring, modelling, and data-driven approaches to share insights. Bringing together diverse expertise will foster cross-disciplinary discussion and highlight strategies for advancing seismotectonic models. High-resolution field investigations, geophysical and seismological imaging, satellite-based deformation monitoring, and numerical or analogue modelling provide complementary perspectives. Alongside these, artificial intelligence—including machine learning and generative models—offers powerful ways to identify patterns, bridge data gaps, and improve the reliability of seismotectonic interpretations.
We welcome contributions on (but not limited to):
-geological and structural investigations of active faults, including volcanic settings;
-innovative, multidisciplinary approaches integrating geology, seismology, and geophysics;
-development and integration of new or updated datasets, from field observations to remote sensing;
-fault imaging, tectonic analysis, and construction of 3D/4D seismotectonic models;
-numerical and analogue modelling of fault systems and tectonic processes;
-studies comparing seismicity, fault characteristics, and seismotectonic interpretations;
-applications of big data, artificial intelligence, and deep learning in tectonic and seismic research, including advances using AI and generative models to extract, simulate, or enhance seismotectonic signals.
By encouraging open, collaborative exchange, this session aims to advance our capacity to recognize, model, and understand active fault systems, ultimately supporting the development of robust, integrative seismotectonic frameworks.

Every year brings new observations about earthquakes with a level of detail never reached before. In parallel, observational and computational methods keep improving significantly in seismology, geodesy, and in paleoseismology-geomorphology. Hence, on one hand, the number of earthquakes with well-documented rupture processes and deformation patterns is increasing. On the other hand, the number of studies documenting long time series of past earthquakes, including quantification of past deformation, has also increased. In parallel, the modeling community working on rupture dynamics, including earthquake cycle, is also making significant progress. Thus, this session is the opportunity to bring together these different contributions to foster further collaboration between the different groups all focusing on the same objective of integrating earthquake processes into the earthquake cycle framework. In this session, we welcome contributions documenting earthquake ruptures and processes, both for ancient events or more recent ones, such as the 2023 Turkey sequence, the 2025 Myanmar earthquake, or the 2025 Kamchatka M 8.8 earthquake, from seismological, geodetic, or paleoseismological perspectives. Work combining different approaches is particularly welcome, as are contributions documenting deformation during pre-, post-, or interseismic periods, which are highly relevant to understanding earthquake cycles. Finally, we seek contributions looking at the earthquake cycle from the modeling perspective, both numerical or analogue, especially including approaches that mix data and modeling.

Faults release tectonic strain through a wide and complex spectrum of slip behaviours, including aseismic creep, episodic slow-slip events and earthquakes.
Field observations, seismological data, laboratory experiments, and numerical modelling have demonstrated that a range of factors, including structural and geometrical complexity, mechanical and rheological heterogeneities, fluid pressure and chemistry, and temperature, interact in complex ways and play a critical role in controlling fault slip behaviour. However, how these interconnected factors influence the occurrence and evolution of different slip modes as well as the transitions between them, remains yet a fundamental and unresolved challenge.
This session welcomes contributions that investigate the wide range of fault slip behaviours using multidisciplinary and multiscale approaches, including field and microstructural analyses of exhumed faults, laboratory experiments, geochemical characterization of fluids, seismological and geodetic observations of active faults, and numerical modelling. We aim to foster discussion on the physico-chemical processes governing fault strength, slip mode, and fault geometrical evolution, and how these insights improve seismic hazard assessment and our understanding of the mechanics of faulting and earthquake.

Seismicity and deformation in subduction and collisional settings result from diverse interacting processes operating over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Subduction zones, which account for 90% of the global seismic moment release, host a spectrum of earthquakes from shallow megathrust and overriding-plate events to intermediate- and deep events, while collisional settings show distributed faulting and complex interactions between shortening, strike-slip and extensional deformation. In both settings, the role of stress transfer, fluids and lithospheric structure remains central questions in understanding earthquake occurrence.
This session invites interdisciplinary contributions that address the mechanics controlling seismicity and fault deformation in subduction and collisional settings. We welcome studies that integrate seismological, geodetic, and modelling approaches to address key questions including: (i) what physical processes control seismicity patterns and fault behaviour across different depths and tectonic settings?; (ii) How do stress interactions, rheology, fluids, climate and surface processes drive the spatial and temporal evolution of seismicity?; (iii) How can multi-scale observations, from high-resolution geophysics to paleoseismology, improve our understanding of active fault systems and short- to long-term seismic hazard assessments?
By bridging insights from different convergent margins, this session aims to advance our understanding of earthquake generation and the factors shaping seismic hazard worldwide.

Subduction zones generate numerous natural hazards, including volcanism, earthquakes and tsunamis, and shape the landscape through a series of processes lasting from seconds to millions of years. Their dynamics are driven by complex feedbacks between stress, strain, rock transformation and fluid migration along and across the plate interface, from shallow to deep environments. Despite their utmost importance, the intricate time-sensitive thermo–hydro–mechanical–chemical (THMC-t) processes remain largely puzzling. This is essentially due to the complexity of integrating observations across multiple spatial, magnification and temporal scales (from the nanoscale and the grain boundary size to the plate interface, and from seconds to millions of years). Our session aims, therefore, at gathering recent advancements in observatory techniques, monitoring and high-resolution imaging of i) the plate interface kinematics, ii) the accretionary wedge, iii) the subducting slab, and iv) the mantle wedge in active and fossil subduction interfaces. This includes studies from a wide range of disciplines, such as seismology and geodesy, geodynamics, marine geosciences, field-based petrology and geochemistry and microstructure, rock mechanics and numerical modelling. We particularly encourage initiatives that foster collaboration between communities to achieve a comprehensive understanding of subduction systems through space and time.

We are looking for studies that investigate how tectonic plates move, how this movement is accommodated in deformation zones, and how elastic strain builds up and is released along faults and at plate boundaries. These studies should combine space- or sea-floor geodesy with observations like seismicity, geological slip-rates and rakes or sea-level and gravity changes.

How to best reference relative InSAR rate tiles to a plate? How can we infer the likelihood of future earthquakes from elastic strain buildup? How persistent are fault asperities over multiple earthquake cycles? Are paleoseismic fault slip rates identical to those constrained by geodesy? What portion of plate motion results in earthquakes, and where does the rest go? How do mountains grow? How well can we constrain the stresses that drive the observed deformation? How much do the nearly constant velocities of plates vary during the earthquake cycle, and does this influence the definition of Earth's reference frame?

We seek studies using space and sea floor geodetic data that focus on plate motion, deformation zones, and the earthquake cycle. Key questions include earthquake likelihood, fault slip-rates, uplift rates, non-elastic strain, and sea-level changes.

The Eastern Mediterranean is one of the most tectonically active regions on the earth, shaped by the complex interaction of the African, Arabian, and Eurasian plates. Its geodynamic evolution involves subduction, collision, strike-slip faulting, crustal block extrusion, and slab deformation. These processes generate a natural laboratory to investigate how lithospheric deformation is driven and accommodated across spatial and temporal scales.

The region hosts major continental transform faults, including the North Anatolian, East Anatolian and Dead Sea Faults, along with the Hellenic Arc, all of which have produced devastating earthquakes both in historical times and in the recent past. The interplay between shallow fault activity and deep-seated mantle processes remains a matter of debate, and recent destructive earthquakes have emphasized how critical it is to improve comprehension of seismic cycle and the geodynamic process that controls it.

This session welcomes multidisciplinary contributions — including neotectonics, seismology, tectonic geodesy (e.g. GNSS, InSAR), paleoseismology, tectonic geomorphology, structural geology, remote sensing, and geodynamic modelling — to advance our understanding of active tectonics and geodynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean. We particularly encourage submissions from early career researchers.

Convergence in continental settings is often accommodated by a combination of strike-slip and thrust faults. The optimal orientations and geometry for both sets of faults implies that shortening accommodation is partitioned at various levels, with varying rates, and at various times among the various faults. How deformation is partitioned at the crustal and lithospheric scale, in time and with or without inherited structures, has major implications for understanding how continents deform and on the occurrence of complex earthquakes that combine strike-slip on steep dipping faults with slip on shallow dipping thrusts. Past and recent earthquakes show how earthquake ruptures can jump from one system to the other, combine in complex thrust/strike-slip ruptures, such as, the Kaikoura Mw7.8 2016, Haiti Mw7.2 2021, Gulang M8 1927, ChangMa Mw7.6 1932 events, to cite a few. In this session we would like to invite studies that explore the geometry, kinematics, structural and earthquake interactions of complex (more often convergent) continental fault systems, based on field studies and numerical/analogue modeling. Field evidence may include co-seismic rupture studies, paleoseismology, geodesy, and seismicity. Our aim is to expand our knowledge of evolving complex fault systems in actively deforming regions to better assess earthquake hazard of interacting faults.

Tectonic faults exhibit a spectrum of failure modes ranging from aseismic creep, to slow slip and devastating earthquakes. Despite the growth in observations of slow earthquakes, debates about their mechanisms, scaling properties, and interplay with fast (ordinary) earthquakes remain. Leveraging cutting-edge technologies in the laboratory, advanced observational methods, and sophisticated modeling, this session aims to bring together the diversity of works associated with several aspects listed below, to broaden our understanding and encourage discussions:

Underlying Mechanisms: What mechanism(s) limits slip speed? We encourage studies about the micro-mechanics, frictional behaviors, rupture dynamics, fluids and temperature and pressure conditions initiating and driving slow slip events.

Scaling Relationships: Decoding the scaling of slow earthquakes across time, space, and energy dimensions, offering insights into their core dynamics.

Technological Innovations: Showcasing avant-garde tools and methodologies that boost our proficiency in detecting, analyzing, and understanding slow earthquakes.

Interplay between Slow and Fast Earthquakes: Probing into the seismic cycle, their mutual impacts, and potential warning signs exhibited by diverse seismic phenomena.

We encourage contributions that span from laboratory experiments to volcanic and tectonic research; from geological and geophysical observations, including but not limited to seismic and geodetic, to imaging and modeling.

This Fault2SHA session will focus on state-of-the-art progress in Earthquake Rupture Forecast (ERF) and its integration into probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) and probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis (PFDHA). Recent developments highlight the importance of combining physics-based simulators, inversion-based fault system solutions, and fault-based approaches with geologic and geodetic data to produce models that are modular, transparent, and more suitable for practical applications in hazard and risk mitigation.
Geological investigations continue to provide critical insights into fault behavior and earthquake recurrence. Paleoseismological trenching, high-resolution coring, structural geology, tectonic geomorphology, and geodesy extend the earthquake record from recent events to multi-millennial timescales, enabling the characterization of earthquake source parameters and long-term fault behavior. These multidisciplinary observations, when combined with physics-based and multi-cycle earthquake simulations, offer new opportunities to address epistemic uncertainties, capture complex rupture processes, and refine time-dependent hazard models.
The session aims to foster dialogue on how innovative approaches and diverse datasets can be integrated into seismic hazard frameworks, ultimately improving our ability to quantify uncertainties and support applications ranging from building codes and land-use planning to insurance and risk management.
Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:
• ERF approaches and their role in PSHA and FDHA
• Advances in physics-based earthquake cycle simulations
• Incorporation of paleoseismological and geological constraints into hazard models
• Structural geology, tectonic geomorphology, and geodesy applied to fault characterization
• Methods to quantify and reduce epistemic uncertainties in hazard assessments
• Case studies linking recent earthquakes, long-term fault behavior, and hazard analysis
We particularly encourage contributions that present innovative, integrative, and multidisciplinary approaches to studying active faults and their role in seismic hazard assessment.

The evolution of orogenic systems is governed by processes operating across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, extending from the asthenosphere through the lithosphere and the Earth’s surface, and acting from seconds to millions of years. Understanding the links between deep-seated, lithospheric and surface processes and their role in orogenic evolution is an increasingly prominent research topic that requires multidisciplinary approaches to gain robust spatio-temporal constraints. This involves the integration of data generated from a variety of techniques such as low- and high-temperature thermochronology, geophysics, tectonics, petrology, geochemistry, sedimentology, structural analysis, geomorphology, and modeling.
Such a strategy enables the reconstruction of the timing, rates, and magnitude of processes driving orogenic evolution, as well as their relationships with mantle, crustal, and surface dynamics.
This session focuses on the intrinsic links between surface and deep-Earth processes in shaping orogenic systems and controlling their spatial and temporal evolution. Topics include the exhumation and surface uplift history of mountain ranges and orogenic plateaus, evolution of foreland and intermountain sedimentary basins, methodological developments on the integration of diverse dataset, landscape evolution, and tectonic plate reconstructions. Research focused on both collisional and subduction-related orogens affected by hinterland extension is welcome.

The evolution of orogens and sedimentary basins is driven by the complex interplay between crustal deformation, mantle dynamics, and climate-driven surface processes. Despite longstanding recognition of their importance, the feedback mechanisms linking erosion, sediment transport and deposition, crustal tectonics, and mantle dynamics—including magmatism—remain poorly understood.
Advancing our understanding of these coupled systems requires an interdisciplinary approach. A major challenge lies in quantifying uplift, erosion, subsidence, and sedimentation, while distinguishing the respective roles of crustal deformation, mantle flow, and climate-driven processes—each acting across different spatial and temporal scales and often leaving overlapping signals in the geological record.
This session aims to bring together comprehensive studies that integrate observational data (e.g., field studies, geophysical and well data, thermochronology), theoretical frameworks, and both analogue and numerical modelling. Our goal is to foster dialogue between disciplines and highlight innovative approaches that bridge mantle, lithospheric, crustal, and surface processes.
We welcome contributions that explore the coupling of tectonics and surface processes, including the roles of climate, erosion, sedimentation, and deep Earth dynamics in shaping the Earth's surface over time.

It is well recognized that the coupling between tectonics, climate, and surface processes governs the evolution of mountain belts and sedimentary basins. Yet, the strength of these couplings and their precise impact on landscapes are less constrained. Robust first-order quantitative constraints are therefore needed. These can be derived from geomorphic and sedimentary archives such as longitudinal river profiles, fluvial and marine terraces, landslides, downstream fining trends, growth strata, sediment provenance, sequence stratigraphy, and shifts in depositional environments. Complementary insights can be gained from geodetic analyses (e.g., GPS, UAV, satellite imagery) and innovative geoinformatic approaches. Increasingly, the integration of geochronological methods for quantifying erosion rates and source-to-sink sediment fluxes with landscape evolution, stratigraphic, climatic, and tectonic models is advancing our understanding of how these systems interact across scales.

We invite contributions that use geomorphic, geochronologic and/or sedimentary records to understand tectonic deformation, climate histories, and surface processes, and welcome studies that address their interactions and couplings at a range of spatial and temporal scales. In particular, we encourage coupled catchment-basin studies that take advantage of numerical/physical modelling, geochemical tools for quantifying rates of surface processes (cosmogenic nuclides, low-temperature thermochronology, luminescence dating) and high resolution digital topographic and subsurface data. We invite contributions that address the role of surface processes in modulating rates of deformation and tectonic style, or of tectonics modulating the response of landscapes to climate change.

Geologic processes are generally too slow, too rare, or too deep to be observed in-situ and to be monitored with a resolution high enough to understand their dynamics. Analogue experiments and numerical simulation have thus become an integral part of the Earth explorer's toolbox to select, formulate, and test hypotheses on the origin and evolution of geological phenomena.

To foster synergy between the rather independently evolving experimentalists and modellers we provide a multi-disciplinary platform to discuss research on tectonics, structural geology, rock mechanics, geodynamics, volcanology, geomorphology, and sedimentology.

We therefore invite contributions demonstrating the state-of-the-art in analogue, numerical and analytical modelling on a variety of spatial and temporal scales, varying from earthquakes, landslides and volcanic eruptions to sedimentary processes, plate tectonics and landscape evolution. We especially welcome those presentations that discuss model strengths and weaknesses, challenge the existing limits, or compare/combine the different modelling techniques to realistically simulate and better understand the Earth's behaviour.

As demand for more accurate geological representations grows in fields such as resource exploration, geohazard assessment, and environmental geoscience, advances in modelling algorithms and inversion methods have become critical. Presentations will cover new approaches to the construction of detailed geological models, the use of machine learning and AI in model refinement, and the application of inversion techniques to improve the accuracy of subsurface property predictions.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:
- New methodologies for 3D structural modelling, including deterministic, stochastic, and hybrid approaches
- Case studies highlighting the application of model-based inversion for resource exploration, such as mineral, petroleum, and groundwater systems
- Integration of geophysical and geological data in model-based inversion for improved subsurface characterization
- Advances in computational efficiency and uncertainty quantification in inversion techniques
- Innovative use of machine learning and AI in enhancing both geological models and inversion results

This session brings together geoscientists, modellers, and computational experts to discuss the latest advancements and challenges, offering insights into the future direction of 3D structural geological modelling and inversion applications.


The session will explore new techniques in 3D geological modelling and geophysical inversion methodologies, emphasising the integration of diverse data types and innovative computational approaches. Case-studies as well as new and novel methods are welcome.

Recent advancements in thermochronology have significantly broadened its applicability to provide insights on Earth-system processes across various geological settings and timescales. However, novel applications of thermochronometric techniques sometimes reveal limitations in our understanding of thermochronometric systems and flaws of their associated theoretical models. This session aims to present the state-of-the-art of mid- and low-temperature thermochronometric systems – including but not limited to the Ar/Ar, fission tracks, Raman dating, (U-Th)/He, 4He/3He and trapped charge dating systems – and assess their ability (and disability) to provide reliable datasets for geological interpretation. We welcome contributions that explore (1) theoretical and experimental work introducing new thermochronometers or aiming at improving our understanding of current systems, (2) innovative approaches to quantify and model thermochronometric data, (3) integration of thermochronology with field observations, remote sensing, geomorphological techniques, isotopic methods and modeling (numerical and analog), and (4) applications that constrain the timing, magnitude, and rates of processes affecting the lithosphere and shaping the Earth surface across various temporal and spatial scales. We particularly welcome contributions aiming at providing new constraints on relief evolution, deposition/erosion, source to sink processes, sediment provenance, weathering, faulting, hydrothermalism, tectonics, geothermal changes, and formation of ore deposits. These insights will pose important implications for the broader Earth-science community.

In the past two decades, unexpected and impactful moderate magnitude co-seismic surface rupturing earthquakes occurred in intraplate and low strain regions in Europe, North America, and Australia. Potential active and seismogenic structures in these regions have been frequently overlooked despite capable of hosting moderate-size to large damaging earthquakes. Poorly characterized fault Quaternary activity and seismogenic assessment are conditioned by long recurrence periods, frequently by a lack of Quaternary sediments, and sparse seismic and geodetic networks. Furthermore, older fault systems at these settings prone to reactivation favor active wide fault zones with distributed deformation within a previous deformed bedrock, masking subtle Quaternary deformation. Analyses and investigations for long-term deformation may be useful to recognize a built-in imprint of subtle deformation through time, and to corroborate tectonic activity, but these are under-utilized for seismic hazard analyses, which usually focus on shorter time scales. Evidence for long-term deformation analyses can be provided through geomorphic analyses and detailed geologic and paleoseismologic studies combined with geochronology and geophysical data. All of them may help to constrain regions with seismogenic potential or to reveal Quaternary cryptic structures and distributed Quaternary deformation. Short-term activity and deformation can be investigated using dense local seismic networks, which may further help to associate local instrumental seismicity with faults localization. Depending on the strain and period of observation, remote sensing and geodesy may also highlight noteworthy regions.

In this session, we welcome studies that focus on intraplate deformation using and/or testing methods to investigate surface and sub-surface evidence of Quaternary tectonic deformation and seismic sources characterization. These methods include but are not limited to geology, geomorphology, paleoseismology, geochronology, geophysics, observational/statistical seismology, seismic tomography, and remote sensing/geodesy. We encourage studies on indirect evidence of regional seismicity such as liquefaction, deformed stalactites, and patterns of regional landsliding.

The evolution of continents represents one of the most fundamental processes shaping our planet’s long-term physical, chemical, and biological development. Continental formation began early in Earth’s history, with episodic growth driven primarily by plate tectonics. Continents undergo significant reworking through a suite of dynamic processes, including tectonic deformation, metamorphism, intracrustal melting, and erosion and sedimentation, which collectively redistribute and refine the continental material. The formation, growth, and reworking of continents throughout Earth’s history involved transitions from non-plate to plate tectonics, supercontinent assembly and breakup, and the co-evolution of environment and life. This session explores the co-evolution of continents and Earth systems through deep time, addressing the following issues: processes and mechanisms of continental formation, assembly (accretion/collision) and breakup from Archean to the present; quantification of crustal growth (mantle-derived additions) vs. reworking (e.g., melting, metamorphism, erosion); feedbacks between continental evolution and surface environments; coupled deep-surface processes.
We invite contributions that integrate geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and numerical modeling to decode how continents act as planetary-scale regulators, driving the development of habitability through various tectonic processes, from pre-plate tectonics to plate tectonics, including plate subduction, collision, accretion, and coupled tectonics-topography-climate processes.

In a rapidly changing world, the relevance of tectonics and structural geology to societal challenges is more pressing than ever. This session invites abstracts that demonstrate how geological structures and tectonic processes can be harnessed to support the energy transition, mitigate natural hazards, and contribute to sustainable development.
We are particularly interested in studies that examine how tectonic and structural factors influence the safety, feasibility, and long-term sustainability of energy transition technologies. This includes the assessment of tectonic risks associated with geothermal energy development, subsurface energy storage, and carbon capture and storage, especially in seismically active or structurally complex regions. Contributions that explore the role of structural geology in managing critical raw materials, groundwater resources (heat storage), and infrastructure resilience are also welcome. We encourage submissions that integrate fieldwork, geophysical data, numerical modelling, and remote sensing, as well as those that present innovative case studies or cross-sector collaborations.

Accurate knowledge and understanding of the subsurface stress state and their variation are crucial for a wide range of topics, from plate tectonics and geohazards to mass transport and engineering applications. Conventional and emerging applications such as geothermal energy, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), hydrogen or gas storage or disposal of nuclear waste are pivotal for a low-emission society, with their efficacy heavily reliant on knowledge of the subsurface stress state. The difficulty in determining the stress state and constraining subsurface structures though requires advances in modelling algorithms and inversion methods, as well as the development of concepts, experiments, and new measuring techniques.
This session calls for contributions that showcase novel methodologies and/or ambitious case studies. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:
- Advances in stress orientation and magnitude estimation
- New methodologies for 3D geomechanical modelling, including deterministic, stochastic, hybrid approaches or stress state visualisations
- Outstanding case studies highlighting crustal stress characterisation, fault stability, and/or the application of geomechanical modelling
- Advances in computational efficiency and uncertainty quantification
- Innovative use of machine learning and AI in enhancing models and approaches
This session brings together geoscientists, modellers, and computational experts from an academic and application background to discuss the latest advancements and challenges, offering insights into the future direction of characterizing the present subsurface stress state.

Faults and fracture zones are fundamental features of geological reservoirs that control the physical properties of the rock. As such, understanding their role in in-situ fluid behaviour and fluid-rock interactions can generate considerable advantages during exploration and management of reservoirs and repositories.

Physical properties such as frictional strength, cohesion and permeability of the rock impact deformation processes, rock failure and fault/fracture (re-)activation. Faults and fractures create fluid pathways for fluid flow and allow for increased fluid-rock interaction.

The presence of fluids circulating within a fault or fracture network can expose the host rocks to significant alterations of the mechanical and transport properties. This in turn can either increase or decrease the transmissibility of a fracture network, which has implications on the viability and suitability of subsurface energy and storage projects. Thus, it is important to understand how fluid-rock interactions within faults and fractures may alter the physical properties of the system during the operation of such projects. This is of particular interest in the case of faults as the injection/ remobilisation of fluids may affect fault/fracture stability, and therefore increase the risk of induced seismicity and leakage.

Fieldwork observations, monitoring and laboratory measurements foster fundamental understanding of relevant properties, parameters and processes, which provide important inputs to numerical models (see session “Faults and fractures in geoenergy applications 1: Numerical modelling and simulation”) in order to simulate processes or upscale to the reservoir scale. A predictive knowledge of fault zone structures and transmissibility can have an enormous impact on the viability of geothermal, carbon capture, energy and waste storage projects.

We encourage researchers on applied or interdisciplinary energy studies associated with low carbon technologies to come forward for this session. We look forward to interdisciplinary studies which use a combination of methods to analyse rock deformation processes and the role of faults and fractures in subsurface energy systems, including but not restricted to outcrop studies, monitoring studies, subsurface data analysis and laboratory measurements. We are also interested in research across several different scales and addressing the knowledge gap between laboratory scale measurements and reservoir scale processes.

Naturally fractured reservoirs are of great importance in various disciplines such as hydrogeology, hydrocarbon reservoir management, nuclear waste repositories, CO2 storage and geothermal reservoir engineering. This session addresses novel ideas as well as established concepts for the representation and numerical simulation of discontinuities and processes in fractured media.
The presence of fractures modifies the bulk physical properties of the original media by many orders of magnitudes and often introduces strongly nonlinear behaviour. Fractures also provide the main flow and transport pathways in the rock mass, dominating over the permeability of the rock matrix and creating anisotropic flow fields and transport.
Numerical modelling of such systems is especially challenging and often requires creative new ideas and solutions, for example the use of stochastic models. Understanding the hydraulic and mechanical properties of fractures and fracture networks thus is crucial for predicting the movement of any fluid such as water, air, hydrocarbons, or CO2.
The geologist toolboxes for modelling fractured rocks and simulating processes in fractured media experiences constant extension and improvement. Contributions are especially welcome from the following topics:

• Deterministic or stochastic approaches for structural construction of fractured media
• Continuous or discontinuous (DFN) modelling methods representing static hydraulic and/or mechanical characteristics of fractured media
• Simulation of dynamic processes, hydraulic and/or mechanical behaviour and THMC coupling in fractured media
• Deterministic and stochastic inversion methods for calibrating numerical models of fractured media
• Numerical modelling concepts of accounting for fractured properties specifically in groundwater, petroleum or geothermal management applications

We encourage researchers to elaborate on applied projects on the role of faults and fractures in subsurface energy systems in our session. We are interested in research across different scales and disciplines and welcome ECS warmly.

Fluid-rock interactions of ultramafic rocks in the subsurface have a substantial potential for large-scale CO2 storage by long-term mineralization, are a source of natural H2 resources, and play an important role in the formation of various critical ore deposits (e.g. Ni, Co). Understanding the underlying processes is therefore highly relevant for climate crisis mitigation and the energy transition. The coupled chemical, hydrological and mechanical feedbacks and the interplay between dynamic changes in pH, redox conditions and critical metal mobility during these interactions are not yet fully understood. We cordially invite contributions that advance our understanding of the conditions, mechanisms and rates of CO2 mineralization, H2 generation and element mobility during fluid-rock interactions in peridotites and serpentinites from microscopic to industrial and tectonic scales, including studies of natural analogues, field surveys, pilot injection sites, laboratory experiments and theoretical simulations.

Geodynamic and tectonic processes interacting across scales are the key engines in shaping the structural, thermal and petrological configuration of the crust and lithosphere. They constantly modify the thermal, hydraulic and mechanical rock properties, ultimately leading to a heterogenous endowment of (often co-located) subsurface resources.
Supporting the transition to sustainable low-carbon economies at scale poses significant challenges and opportunities for the global geoscience community. Improved integration and tighter interdisciplinary understanding of the subsurface processes that can provide access to alternative energy supplies and critical raw materials is needed, as are unifying science-backed exploration strategies and resource assessment workflows.
This session aims to improve our scientific understanding of the pathways and interdependencies that lead to the concentration of economic quantities of energy carriers or noble gases, mineral resources, and the formation of exploitable geothermal reservoirs. Further, it also focuses on providing input for exploration decision-making and scientific input for policy making as well as for the strategic planning of collaborative research initiatives.
We invite studies on observational data analysis, instrumentation, numerical modeling, laboratory experiments, and geological engineering, with an emphasis on integrated approaches/datasets which address the geological history of such systems as well as their spatial characteristics for sub-topics such as:
- Geothermal systems: key challenges in successfully exploiting geothermal energy are related to observational gaps in lithological heterogeneities and tectonic (fault) structures and sweet-spotting zones of sufficient permeability for fluid extraction.
- Geological (white/natural) hydrogen (H2) and helium (He) resources: potential of source rocks, conversion kinetics, migration and possible accumulation processes through geological time, along with detection, characterisation, and quantification of sources, fluxes, shallow subsurface interactions and surface leakage.
- Ore deposits: To meet the global continued demand for metal resources, new methods are required to discover new ore deposits and assess the spatio-temporal and geodynamic characteristics of favourable conditions to generate metallogenic deposits, transport pathways, and host sequences.

Tectonics and Structural Geology addresses fundamental and applied questions about crustal deformation across scales, lithospheric dynamics, and the forces driving rock deformation. By linking processes in the mantle with those at the Earth’s surface, the field provides crucial insights into geodynamic evolution and natural hazards. Beyond academic interest, its relevance extends directly to societal challenges such as nuclear waste disposal, carbon capture and storage, securing critical raw materials, adapting to climate change, and/or safeguarding of critical infrastructure.

Yet, despite its broad impact, the practical applications of this discipline are still too often perceived as serving primarily hydrocarbon exploration. At the same time, like much of the geosciences, it suffers from limited public visibility and declining student enrollment, posing challenges for its future vitality. This session invites the community to reflect on the directions the field of Tectonics and Structural Geology needs to develop or reinforce to remain relevant for industry, society, and policy makers, while also strengthening its visibility to future students and the broader public.

Abstracts by invitation only.

Sitting under a tree, you feel the spark of an idea, and suddenly everything falls into place. The following days and tests confirm: you have made a magnificent discovery — so the classical story of scientific genius goes…

But science as a human activity is error-prone, and might be more adequately described as "trial and error". Handling mistakes and setbacks is therefore a key skill of scientists. Yet, we publish only those parts of our research that did work. That is also because a study may have better chances to be accepted for scientific publication if it confirms an accepted theory or reaches a positive result (publication bias). Conversely, the cases that fail in their test of a new method or idea often end up in a drawer (which is why publication bias is also sometimes called the "file drawer effect"). This is potentially a waste of time and resources within our community, as other scientists may set about testing the same idea or model setup without being aware of previous failed attempts.

Thus, we want to turn the story around, and ask you to share 1) those ideas that seemed magnificent but turned out not to be, and 2) the errors, bugs, and mistakes in your work that made the scientific road bumpy. In the spirit of open science and in an interdisciplinary setting, we want to bring the BUGS out of the drawers and into the spotlight. What ideas were torn down or did not work, and what concepts survived in the ashes or were robust despite errors?

We explicitly solicit Blunders, Unexpected Glitches, and Surprises (BUGS) from modeling and field or lab experiments and from all disciplines of the Geosciences.

In a friendly atmosphere, we will learn from each other’s mistakes, understand the impact of errors and abandoned paths on our work, give each other ideas for shared problems, and generate new insights for our science or scientific practice.

Here are some ideas for contributions that we would love to see:
- Ideas that sounded good at first, but turned out to not work.
- Results that presented themselves as great in the first place but turned out to be caused by a bug or measurement error.
- Errors and slip-ups that resulted in insights.
- Failed experiments and negative results.
- Obstacles and dead ends you found and would like to warn others about.

For inspiration, see last year's collection of BUGS - ranging from clay bricks to atmospheric temperature extremes - at https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/52496.

Earth System Sciences (ESS) datasets, particularly those generated by high-resolution numerical models, are continuing to increase in terms of resolution and size. These datasets are essential for advancing ESS, supporting critical activities such as climate change policymaking, weather forecasting in the face of increasingly frequent natural disasters, and modern applications like machine learning.

The storage, usability, transfer and shareability of such datasets have become a pressing concern within the scientific community. State-of-the-art applications now produce outputs so large that even the most advanced data centres and infrastructures struggle not only to store them but also to ensure their usability and processability, including by downstream machine learning. Ongoing and upcoming community initiatives, such as digital twins and the 7th Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP7), are already pushing infrastructures to their limits. With future investment in hardware likely to remain constrained, a critical and viable way forward is to explore (lossy) data compression & reduction that balance efficiency with the needs of diverse stakeholders. Therefore, the interest in compression has grown as a means to 1) make the data volumes more manageable, 2) reduce transfer times and computational costs, while 3) preserving the quality required for downstream scientific analyses.

Nevertheless, many ESS researchers remain cautious about lossy compression, concerned that critical information or features may be lost for specific downstream applications. Identifying these use-case-specific requirements and ensuring they are preserved during compression are essential steps toward building trust so that compression can become widely adopted across the community.

This session will present and discuss recent advances in data compression and reduction for ESS datasets, focusing on:

1) Advances in and reviews of methods, including classical, learning-based, and hybrid approaches, with attention to computational efficiency of compression and decompression.
2) Approaches to enhance shareability and processing of high-volume ESS datasets through data compression (lossless and lossy) and reduction.
3) Inter-disciplinary case studies of compression in ESS workflows.
4) Understanding the domain- and use-case specific requirements, and developing methods that provide these guarantees for lossy compression.

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) are both very well established approaches for measuring tectonic and volcanic activity. Over recent years, improvements in data quality, the automation of processing pipelines, cheaper measurement hardware, and cheaper computation has put our research community on the brink of complete surveillance of surface motions – a situation in which, for some regions, we will be able to map every actively slipping fault and actively deforming volcanic zone, more easily identify areas of heightened stress accumulation, and automatically report when surface motions accelerate.

In this session we would like to foster an exchange of ideas and experiences about how to best continue towards this state of surveillance. In particular, we would like to explore how the GNSS, InSAR, and tectonic- and volcanic- modelling communities can work together in the coming years to extract the most value from our continued installation, processing, and interpretation efforts. How many stations will we need? Do we have enough data? What experiments and simulations should we prioritise? What are the economic (personnel, computation, satellites, natural disasters), sustainability, and strategy (e.g. centralisation vs. decentralisation) considerations?

We invite scientists and related stakeholders from our communities to come together to share their work on full value extraction of our GNSS and InSAR data. Whether you want to present some case study of a certain region, or you want to present some analysis at a larger spatial and computational scale, we welcome you to the discussion.

A variety of geophysical and geological observational techniques are now mature enough to provide valuable insights into the influence that mantle convection has on Earth surface and its core. Current challenges include the need to reconcile different spatial resolutions between models and observations, uneven data coverage and the determination of appropriate sampling and simulation scales. This session will provide a holistic view of the influence of mantle convection on core dynamics and surface expressions from geodetic to geological time scales using multi-disciplinary methods, including (but not limited to): geodetic, geophysical, geological, long-term evolution of the geomagnetic field, Earth's core dynamics magnetism and the seismic imaging of mantle convective processes, as well as numerical modeling.
This session will provide rich opportunities for presenters and attendees from a range of disciplines, demographics, and stages of their scientific career to engage in this exciting and multidisciplinary problem in Earth science.

Mantle convection is a fundamental process of the Earth. Direct observations of this process are obtained through a variety of multiscale methods. They may provide constrains to estimate fundamental parameters for the Earth mantle structure (e.g., viscosity, density and temperature). Seismic imaging and gravity data, for instance, provide a snapshot of processes occurring in the present-day mantle. Geochemical analysis of trace elements can be used to estimate temperature and depths of melt generation. Histories of large scale horizontal and vertical lithosphere motion recorded in the stratigraphic data hold important information on the evolving mantle bouyancies. Altogether these classes of observations would provide powerful constraints for geodynamic forward and inverse models of past mantle convection.
This session aims to provide a holistic view of the Earth mantle and their evolution through time. We welcome contributions from seismic tomography, anisotropy studies, geochemistry, plate kinematics, structural geology and theoretical models that address questions surrounding Earth’s mantle an its evolution in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic times. Studies using a multidisciplinary approach are particularly encouraged.

About 90% of the Earth’s volcanism is associated with convergent or divergent plate boundaries and can thus be satisfactorily explained by the plate tectonics theory. However, the origin of anomalous volcanism within both continental and oceanic plate interiors (i.e. intraplate volcanism) as well as regions of excessive magmatism along ridges (e.g. Iceland) is not directly related to plate boundary processes, such as subduction or ridge extension. This enigmatic volcanism was initially attributed to the presence of mantle plumes, but in recent years a variety of models have been developed to explain its origins (e.g. edge-driven convection, sublithospheric drainage, etc.). Improvements in instrumentation, numerical modelling, and the temporal and spatial resolution of data have allowed us to better understand mantle dynamics and the Earth’s interior. Re-evaluation, refinement, and creation of new models for the origin of intraplate/anomalous magmatism have also provided better insights on deep mantle processes and shed light on the complex interactions between the Earth’s asthenosphere, lithosphere, and surface. Understanding what triggers magmatism unrelated to plate boundary processes is critical in understanding the evolution of Earth’s mantle, especially in times before the initiation of plate tectonics and when supercontinents dominated. With the rise of space exploration and the development of spacecraft data analysis, this knowledge is also crucial to the understanding of magmatism on other planetary bodies in the solar system and beyond. This session aims to facilitate new understandings of intraplate and anomalous magmatism by bringing together diverse ideas, observations, and approaches from researchers around the globe.
We therefore welcome contributions dealing with the origins and evolution of intraplate or anomalous magmatism using a variety of approaches and techniques to tackle outstanding questions from any field, including: petrology, geochemistry, geochronology, isotope geochemistry, geophysics, geodynamics, seismology, and more. This session brings together scientists from any and all backgrounds who work on intraplate/anomalous magmatism using any approach, enhancing discussion and collaboration between disciplines.

It is becoming clear that Wilson Cycle processes including rifting, drifting, inversion, and orogenesis are more complex than standard models suggest. In this second session of two, we explore new understandings of Wilson Cycle processes from rift inversion, through subduction initiation and progression, to orogenesis. In subduction zones and orogens observations and modelling showcase the significance of inherited geological structures, lithospheric rheology, time-dependence, surface processes, magmatism, obliquity, and geometry in processes of inversion, subduction initiation, and orogenesis. However, our understanding of the role and interaction of these factors remains far from complete. Unexpected observations, such as extensive subsidence and sedimentation during rift-basin inversion (e.g., in the Pannonian basin), or thermal imprinting from continental rifting affecting subsequent orogenesis (e.g., in the Pyrenees) challenge conventional models and emphasize the need for further work on the convergent part of the Wilson Cycle.
This session will bring together new observations, models, and ideas to help understand the complex factors influencing rift inversion, subduction initiation, and orogenesis during the Wilson Cycle. Works investigating time-dependence, inheritance, plate kinematics, strain localisation, magmatism, obliquity, interior plate deformation, driving forces, sedimentation, surface processes, lithospheric/crustal structure, and the interaction/feedback between processes controlling the Wilson Cycle are therefore welcomed to this session.

Contributions from any geoscience discipline, including geophysics, seismology, geochemistry, petrology, plate kinematics, tectonics, sedimentology, field and structural geology, numerical and analogue modelling, or thermo/geochronology etc., are sought. We particularly encourage cross-disciplinarity, innovative studies spanning different spatio-temporal scales, and thought-provoking ideas that challenge conventions from any and all researchers. We especially welcome contributions from student researchers.

It is becoming clear that Wilson Cycle processes including rifting, drifting, inversion, and orogenesis are more complex than standard models suggest. In this first of two sessions, we explore new understandings of Wilson Cycle processes from the onset of extensional reactivation/rifting, through continental breakup, to mature ocean drifting. In rifted margins and oceans, observations and models showcase the significance of inherited geological structures, lithospheric rheology, time-dependence, surface processes, magmatism, obliquity, and geometry in processes of rifting, drifting, and extensional reactivation. However, our understanding of the role and interaction of these factors remains far from complete. Unexpected discoveries, such as continental material far offshore (e.g., at the Rio Grande Rise), wide-magmatic rifted margins (e.g., the Laxmi Basin), and ROMP (Rifted Oceanic Magmatic Plateau), continue to challenge conventional models, and exemplify the need for further work on Wilson Cycle processes.
This session will bring together new observations, models, and ideas to help understand the complex factors influencing extensional reactivation, rifting, and drifting during the Wilson Cycle. Works investigating time-dependence, inheritance, plate kinematics, strain localisation, magmatism, obliquity, interior plate deformation, driving forces, sedimentation, surface processes, lithospheric/crustal structure, and the interaction/feedback between processes controlling the Wilson Cycle are therefore welcomed to this session.

Contributions from any geoscience discipline, including but not limited to geophysics, marine geosciences, seismology, ocean drilling, geochemistry, petrology, plate kinematics, tectonics, sedimentology, field and structural geology, numerical and analogue modelling, or thermo/geochronology etc., are sought. We particularly encourage cross-disciplinarity, innovative studies, spanning different spatio-temporal scales, and thought-provoking ideas that challenge conventions from any and all researchers, especially including students.

Many regions of the Earth, from crust to core, exhibit anisotropic fabrics which can reveal much about geodynamic processes in the subsurface. These fabrics can exist at a variety of scales, from crystallographic orientations to regional structure alignments. In the past few decades, a tremendous body of multidisciplinary research has been dedicated to characterizing anisotropy in the solid Earth and understanding its geodynamical implications. This has included work in fields such as: (1) geophysics, to make in situ observations and construct models of anisotropic properties at a range of depths; (2) mineral physics, to explain the cause of some of these observations; and (3) numerical modelling, to relate the inferred fabrics to regional stress and flow regimes and, thus, geodynamic processes in the Earth. The study of anisotropy in the Solid Earth encompasses topics so diverse that it often appears fragmented according to regions of interest, e.g., the upper or lower crust, oceanic lithosphere, continental lithosphere, cratons, subduction zones, D'', or the inner core. The aim of this session is to bring together scientists working on different aspects of mechanical anisotropy to provide a comprehensive overview of the field. We encourage contributions from all disciplines of the earth sciences (including mineral physics, seismology, magnetotellurics, geodynamic modelling) focused on mechanical anisotropy at all scales and depths within the Earth.

The Caribbean region is an ideal natural laboratory for studying long- and short-term deformation processes along plate boundaries. Indeed, while the Caribbean plate individualized at least 140 Ma ago, its boundaries are still deforming today. Earthquakes in the region are a stark reminder of the threats posed by active deformation along the densely populated boundaries of the Caribbean plate, where human exposure and vulnerability are often very high. Over the past few decades, these boundaries have been the focus of extensive international research, leading to a better understanding of the geodynamics of the region and the wider geological processes that occur in subduction and slip zones. These include studies of fluids, seismicity, deformation partitioning and mantle dynamics, as well as the reorganization of plate boundaries in response to changes in plate kinematics - such as suturing, migration, extinction or initiation of volcanic arcs, and vertical motions. Geochronological and geochemical investigations have been equally critical, offering time constraints to unravel the evolution of the Caribbean plate and its boundaries. High-precision dating of magmatic and metamorphic rocks delivers a detailed record of the timing of arc initiation, collisions, and terrane accretion. Isotopes and trace element geochemistry, on the other hand, reveal insights into mantle sources, crustal recycling, and fluid–melt interactions in subduction settings. Together with geophysical data, these approaches provide an integrated perspective on how the Caribbean has developed over time and how it continues to evolve today.

The geodynamics of Southeast Asia presents a wide range of processes operating both at Earth’s surface and Earth’s deep interior, which together have shaped the evolution of our planet since the onset of plate tectonics. These processes include continental rifting and marginal basin rifting, long- to short-lived oceanic subduction, arc- and plume-related magmatism, collisional orogeny, and arc accretion. Many of these processes are ongoing today or were active during the Cenozoic, providing opportunities for detailed study. Main unknowns on the geodynamics of SE Asia include questions on the reconstruction of the proto-South China Sea plate, paleo-Pacific subduction, and proto-Philippines Sea plate as well as the connection with the Tethyan realm to the south, the collision of Australian-derived fragments in eastern Indonesia and associated extension processes. To address these issues, we invite contributions from across the Earth sciences, including field-based geology, geochronology, geochemistry of detrital minerals and magmas, seismology, geodynamic and thermo-mechanical modeling, and plate kinematic and tectonic reconstructions.

The complex nature of superimposed collisional imprints across the Carpathian-Balkans and Dinaride-Hellenide mainly directs the research focus toward the late Alpine tectonically driven exhumation events (Neotethyan closure and subsequent Adria-Europe collision). So far, efforts to distinguish the tectonic stages before the Alpine event, which caused the displacement of older medium- to high-grade metamorphic basement rocks, have provided limited explanations. The main challenge lies in the transition between Variscan and pre-Variscan structural imprints. The exposed cluster of metamorphosed Cadomian-derived Cenerian and Variscan basement inliers, including their paleogeography, the timeline of deformation events, and the gradual development of deformation, remains poorly understood. To address these issues, we invite contributions from across the Carpathians as a whole, as well as from the Balkan Peninsula, including the Aegean/East Mediterranean/North African/Caucasus/Iranian north Gondwanan fragments, to help improve our understanding of the paleogeographic and geodynamic processes related to the evolution of these Paleozoic oceanic segments and their microcontinents. We welcome integrated petrological, structural, geochronological, and geochemical regional studies, as well as subsurface modeling efforts involving the overprinted Paleozoic microcontinents and vanished paleo-oceans, involving the Rheic, Galitia-Moldanubian (plus Hanseatic), and Variscan Paleotethys (including the Eocimmerian event).

Over recent decades, geochronological techniques such as cosmogenic nuclides, thermochronology, radiocarbon and luminescence dating have improved in accuracy, precision and temporal range. Developments in geochronological methods, data treatment and landscape evolution models have provided new insights into the timing, rates and magnitude of earth surface processes. The combination of geochronological data from different techniques with numerical modeling has enormous potential for improving our understanding of landscape evolution.

This session includes studies ranging from erosion rates, sediment provenance, burial and transport times, bedrock exposure, surface uplift rates, cooling histories and landscape dynamics to technical developments and novel applications of key Quaternary geochronometers such as cosmogenic nuclides and luminescence. We welcome contributions that apply novel geochronological methods, that combine geochronological techniques with numerical modeling or landscape evolution analyses, and that highlight the latest developments and open questions in the application of geochronometers to landscape evolution problems.

Geochronology provides the temporal framework for the study of geologic processes, allowing us to quantify the timing, rates, and durations of the processes that shape our planet. Improvements on well-established techniques, in conjunction with new methodologies and capabilities, continue to provide greater levels of detail and complexity in geochronological investigations. Consequently, geochronological studies are blooming in a variety of fields and in many cases revolutionise our understanding of fundamental natural processes.
With this session, we aim to provide a platform to discuss 1) advances in a broad spectrum of geochronological methods (sample preparation, analytical techniques, innovative data reduction strategies, and interpretational and modelling approaches) and 2) applications of such methods to a variety of problems covering a multitude of temporal and spatial scales across the broader spectrum of Earth Sciences. We particularly encourage presentations of novel and unconventional applications or attempts to develop new geochronometers.

Reconstructing the controls of pressure-temperature-chemistry-time-deformation (P-T-X-t-d) on pathways of orogenic systems is essential to unravel Earth’s tectonic evolution. Cutting-edge advances in high-resolution geochronology, diffusion modeling, and microanalytical techniques now empower unprecedented 4-D reconstructions of tectono-metamorphic histories. This session addresses timely challenges by bridging and linking microscale rock records to planetary-scale geodynamics.
We seek interdisciplinary contributions integrating petrochronology, structural geology, and experimental / metamorphic petrology. Key approaches include diffusion chronometry; accessory-phase geochronology; geochemical tracers; microstructural analysis; thermodynamic modeling of phase equilibria; and geodynamic simulations. Studies quantifying metamorphic rates (e.g., burial/exhumation, fluid pulses), reconciling P-T-t path ambiguities through multi-method validation, or bridging microscale reactions with tectonic drivers are particularly encouraged.
We welcome innovative case studies from diverse settings—subduction zones, collisional orogens, and rift systems—alongside methodological advances that connect field observations with modeling.

The formation of metal ore deposits (e.g., porphyry Cu-Au systems, orogenic Au deposits, volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, alkaline and carbonatite REE-HFSE systems) is a complex process that typically requires original ore sources to be transported from the mantle, followed by ore concentration and deposition in the crust. Understanding ore formation processes and the associated dynamics is crucial for assessing economic potential and guiding exploration strategies. Regardless of the specific processes involved, reactions between fluids and rocks fundamentally impact ore deposits. These reactions affect the formation of ore minerals, the mobilization of metallic materials from the source zone to the deposit, leaving significant footprints that aid in understanding how these metals are transported and concentrated to form the deposit. At nano- and microscales, physical patterns in ore deposits provide fundamental records of fluid-rock interaction processes, including dendritic structures, banding, fractures, mineralogical replacement textures, growth patterns, and deformation features. At meso- to macroscales, the interactions manifest as alteration zones characterized by systematic mineral replacement, overgrowth, and hydrothermal alteration. The spatial and temporal regularity of these patterns elucidates the physicochemical evolution of ore-forming environments during ore formation. Concurrently, accompanying chemical reactions that drive ore formation control mineral dissolution and precipitation, and the redistribution of ore-forming components. These phenomena petrologically reflect the processes of elemental transfer and exchange during fluid-rock interactions that contribute to the formation of ore deposits. Such natural observations enable thermodynamic and kinetic simulations of the fluid-rock interaction processes responsible for ore formation, deepening our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, recent advances in machine-learning methods have significantly enhanced geochemical quantification and uncovered hidden physicochemical relationships during the spatiotemporal evolution of ore minerals and deposits.
In this session, we invite multidisciplinary contributions that investigate various ore deposits and their associated formation dynamics, using fieldwork, microstructural and petrographic analyses, geochemistry, machine learning, thermodynamic and numerical modeling. Case studies of economic ore deposits are welcomed.

The cycle of volatiles is intricately connected to the plate tectonic cycle. This journey begins along oceanic spreading centers, where the interplay between magmatism, tectonics and hydrothermal processes forms and alters the oceanic lithosphere, locking in vast quantities of H2O, C, S, as well as other volatiles and metals. When the altered lithosphere subducts, the coupling of deformation and metamorphic reactions channels the released volatiles into the subduction interface and the overlying mantle wedge, driving metasomatism and arc volcanism. The reactive pathways for volatile transfer are forged through the dynamic interplay of aqueous fluid–rock interaction, deformation, and metamorphism, under both seafloor and deep mantle conditions.

This session aims to connect the processes that create volatile pathways across tectonic settings. We invite contributions addressing aqueous fluid–rock interactions, with a particular focus on: (i) oceanic alteration and associated changes in volatile storage and redox budget, (ii) volatile transfer in aqueous COHS fluids, (iii) isotopic tracers of fluid–rock interaction, and (iv) feedbacks between chemical reactions and rock mechanics.

We welcome studies using field observations, experiments, as well as numerical and thermodynamic modeling to trace the cycling of volatiles across geological settings.

Understanding the petrogenesis of igneous, metamorphic and mineralised rocks is fundamentally grounded in crystal-scale observations of rock microstructures and textures. The dynamic conditions under which a rock forms can be reconstructed by investigating the features of its crystals – shape, size, zonation, and inclusions (mineral, melt and/or fluid) – along with their crystallographic orientations and spatial arrangements. These data provide insights on a wealth of processes: cooling and heating rates; crystallisation regimes and resulting nucleation, growth and dissolution kinetics through space and time; ore mineralisation; fluid flux and speciation; and the extent, mechanisms, and timing of deformation. Correlating such textural and microstructural data with complementary geochemical and field datasets (e.g., elemental maps and hyperspectral images) offers unparalleled quantitative insights into the evolution, makeup, and dynamics of the Earth’s interior. Rock microstructures and textures are therefore key to solving geological problems with direct societal impact, such as critical mineral supply and volcanic risk mitigation.
We invite contributions focused on applying textural and microstructural approaches to igneous and metamorphic problems, using both traditional (e.g., universal stage) and more modern (e.g., EBSD, XRT, XMapTools) methods. We also seek submissions focused on developing new methods to acquire and process textural data, including numerical models of microstructural and/or textural evolution. We particularly encourage contributions that combine microstructural analysis with other datasets, e.g., geochemical data, to address geological questions.

The session deals with the documentation and modelling of the tectonic, deformation and geodetic features of any type of volcanic area, on Earth and in the Solar System. The focus is on advancing our understanding on any type of deformation of active and non-active volcanoes, on the associated behaviours, and the implications for hazards. We welcome contributions based on results from fieldwork, remote-sensing studies, geodetic and geophysical measurements, analytical, analogue and numerical simulations, and laboratory studies of volcanic rocks.
Studies may be focused at the regional scale, investigating the tectonic setting responsible for and controlling volcanic activity, both along divergent and convergent plate boundaries, as well in intraplate settings. At a more local scale, all types of surface deformation in volcanic areas are of interest, such as elastic inflation and deflation, or anelastic processes, including caldera and flank collapses. Deeper, sub-volcanic deformation studies, concerning the emplacement of intrusions, as sills, dikes and laccoliths, are most welcome. We also particularly welcome geophysical data aimed at understanding magmatic processes during volcano unrest. These include geodetic studies obtained mainly through GPS and InSAR, as well as at their modelling to imagine sources.

The session includes, but is not restricted to, the following topics:
• volcanism and regional tectonics;
• formation of magma chambers, laccoliths, and other intrusions;
• dyke and sill propagation, emplacement, and arrest;
• earthquakes and eruptions;
• caldera collapse, resurgence, and unrest;
• flank collapse;
• volcano deformation monitoring;
• volcano deformation and hazard mitigation;
• volcano unrest;
• mechanical properties of rocks in volcanic areas.

The dynamics of magmatic systems are driven by complex processes that span from deep mantle melt generation to surface eruptions. These processes include: melt generation in the upper mantle and lower crust, magma transport, differentiation and emplacement in the crust, complex melt-rock interactions, genesis of energy and mineral resources, and volcanic extrusions with related hazards. Such fluid-mechanical and thermo-chemical processes emerge at sub-millimetre to kilometre scales and second to million-year times, and involve different phases, such as liquid melt, solid crystals, volatile fluids, and pyroclasts. Understanding these processes requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining observations, experiments, and computational methods including forward and inverse modelling and machine learning.

Despite the crucial role of computational methods in integrating and interpreting data from various sources, there has been limited progress in establishing a dedicated community within volcanic, petrology, and magmatic studies. This session aims to address this gap by focusing on computational approaches applied to these areas. We seek to bring together researchers working on forward and inverse modelling, machine learning, and other computational methods to foster a thriving community which complements well established observational and experimental communities.

We encourage contributions that explore the theory, application, and validation of computational approaches in the context of experimental and observational data. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

- Multiphase flow dynamics
- Thermodynamics and phase equilibria
- Magma transport and storage
- Chemical and rheological melt-rock interactions
- Crystallization and degassing processes
- Energy and mineral resource genesis
- Magma-hydrothermal interactions
- Eruption dynamics and hazards

This session aims to provide a platform for in-depth technical discussions that are challenging to facilitate in broader multidisciplinary sessions, ultimately fostering a stronger computational community within volcanic and magmatic studies.

Understanding the processes controlling landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis requires utilizing natural experiments and integrated models to identify and isolate controlling factors. Subduction zone hazards often occur as a

cascading series of events, requiring a system wide and integrative approach to understand. How do climate and tectonics interact to determine the susceptibility to landslides? What is the relative importance of magma supply and crustal faulting in controlling eruptive frequency? Are the size and location of earthquakes affected by structural boundaries? How do cascading sequences of events impact
subduction zone hazards? These and other geohazard questions can be addressed by studying behaviors across subduction zones. We invite contributions that use the power of comparison across multiple subduction zones to develop new insights. SZ4D is a community-driven initiative for a long-term, interdisciplinary research program to define the limits and possibilities of predicting geohazards. Observational, theoretical and laboratory studies comparing the SZ4D focus areas of Cascadia, Alaska and Chile are particularly welcome.

Among planetary bodies, Earth presents the strongest set of constraints, making it a particularly valuable reference for understanding planetary systems and their evolution. This session focuses on innovative research that bridges planetary sciences and Earth system studies. We invite contributions that present techniques and methodologies developed for planetary sciences applications that can be applied to advance our understanding of Earth's systems. Additionally, we encourage submissions in comparative planetary sciences that analyse multiple celestial bodies, including Earth, to gain broader insights into planetary processes.

Computational earth science uses modelling to understand complex physical systems which cannot be directly observed. Over the last years, numerical modeling of earthquakes has provided new approaches to apprehend the physics of earthquake rupture and the seismic cycle, seismic wave propagation, fault zone evolution, and seismic hazard assessment. Recent advances in numerical algorithms and increasing computational power enable unforeseen precision and incorporation of multi-physics components in physics-based simulations of earthquake rupture and seismic wave propagation but also pose challenges in terms of fully exploiting modern supercomputing infrastructure, realistic parameterization of simulation ingredients, and the analysis of large synthetic datasets. Meanwhile, advances in laboratory experiments link earthquake source processes to rock mechanics.

This session brings together modelers and data analysts interested in the physics and computational aspects of earthquake phenomena and earthquake engineering. We welcome contributions spanning all aspects of seismic hazard assessment and earthquake physics - from slow slip events, fault mechanics and rupture dynamics, to wave propagation and ground motion analysis, to the seismic cycle and interseismic deformation and links to long-term tectonics and geodynamics - as well as studies advancing the state-of-the art in the related computational and numerical aspects.

Fibre optic based techniques allow probing highly precise point and distributed sensing of the full ground motion wave-field including translation, rotation and strain, as well as environmental parameters such as temperature at a scale and to an extent previously unattainable with conventional geophysical sensors. Considerable improvements in optical and atom interferometry enable new concepts for inertial rotation, translational displacement and acceleration sensing. Laser reflectometry on commercial fibre optic cables allows for the first time spatially dense and temporally continuous sensing of the ocean’s floor, successfully detecting a variety of signals including microseism, local and teleseismic earthquakes, volcanic events, ocean dynamics, etc. Significant breakthrough in the use of fibre optic sensing techniques came from the new ability to interrogate telecommunication cables to high temporal and spatial precision across a wide range of environments. Applications based on this new type of data are numerous, including: seismic source and wave-field characterisation with single point observations in harsh environments such as active volcanoes and the seafloor, seismic ambient noise interferometry, earthquake and tsunami early warning, and infrastructure stability monitoring.

We welcome contributions on developments in instrumental and theoretical advances, applications and processing with fibre optic point and/or distributed multi-sensing techniques, light polarization and transmission analyses, using standard telecommunication and/or engineered fibre cables. We seek studies on theoretical, instrumental, observation and advanced processing across all solid earth fields, including seismology, volcanology, glaciology, geodesy, geophysics, natural hazards, oceanography, urban environment, geothermal applications, laboratory studies, large-scale field tests, planetary exploration, gravitational wave detection, fundamental physics. We encourage contributions on data analysis techniques, novel applications, machine learning, data management, instrumental performance and comparison as well as new experimental, field, laboratory, modelling studies in fibre optic sensing studies.

Slow fault slip plays a fundamental role in releasing tectonic stress and modulating seismic hazard across various tectonic settings, including subduction zones, transform boundaries, continental fault systems, and collision margins. Decades of observations have shown that slow slip is often associated with seismic moment release (low-frequency earthquakes, tectonic tremor, regular earthquakes). Together, they seem to outline a continuum of moment release, from slow, distributed aseismic slip to seismically observable fast and localized slip acceleration. However, these slow-and-fast slip components are not equally represented in every slow-slip-prone area, and the seismic and geodetic parts of these phenomena are not always perfectly correlated in space and time. This suggests a multiscale organization of slow fault slip whose complexity may be underpinned by structural and chemical heterogeneities of the underlying materials.

This session aims to explore how and why slow slip becomes seismic, to improve our understanding of the dynamics of tectonic moment release in slow-slip-prone areas, from shallow to deep plate interfaces. We welcome contributions building towards a multidisciplinary understanding of the spatiotemporal variability of slow slip and its interactions with (a)seismic events, employing geodetic and seismic data, geological records, laboratory experiments, and modeling, as well as emerging technologies such as machine learning and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS).

Seismic attenuation, involving energy loss through scattering and intrinsic absorption, significantly affects seismic wave propagation. As a fundamental property, attenuation plays a central role in subsurface imaging, investigations of Earth’s deep interior, and seismic exploration of planetary bodies. Quantitative analysis of attenuation enables inference of key material properties, such as composition, fluids, or fractures. A comprehensive understanding of attenuation mechanisms also supports robust source characterization and accurate ground-motion modeling, with important implications for hazard assessment and mitigation. In recent decades, advances in theory, numerical modeling, and data analysis have substantially improved attenuation characterization. High-accuracy 3D simulations now allow realistic modeling of wave propagation through complex structures, while advanced inversion techniques better separate scattering from intrinsic absorption. On the observational side, dense seismic arrays and new sensing technologies provide major, yet still underexploited, opportunities to enhance resolution.
This session will bring together experts to present the latest innovations in seismic attenuation research. We welcome theoretical and applied contributions, from work deepening fundamental understanding to studies showcasing practical applications.
Topics of interest include:
• Theoretical advancements that improve understanding of attenuation processes, including scattering and intrinsic absorption.
• Resolve Earth’s internal structure through analysis of attenuation data.
• Numerical simulations of the relevant equations for seismic wave propagation in heterogeneous media and attenuation.
• Applications to the study and characterization of seismic sources.
• Attenuation studies in seismic hazard and damage assessment, including ground motion models and the effects of shaking on structures and infrastructure.
• Energy dispersion from geological heterogeneities, such as faults, fractures, and variations in rock properties.
• Attenuation as an indicator of energy conversion into heat, with applications to geothermal exploration and volcanic hazard assessment.
• Tomographic imaging that integrates attenuation, scattering, and absorption to investigate Earth’s structure from crust to core.
• Planetary science investigations that use seismic attenuation to probe the internal structure and dynamics of other planetary bodies.

The physical and structural properties of the crust and lithosphere are often explored independently through numerous geophysical modelling and inversion methods, from tomographic to potential field investigations, among others. Recent developments in joint processing and modelling has been beneficial in highlighting the advantages of complementary, multi-disciplinary geophysical datasets for the comprehensive understanding of the Earth's structure. This session invites studies undertaken for imaging at multiple spatial scales (from near-surface to lithosphere) of diverse parameters (physical state of the medium, identification of seismogenic zones, mapping natural resources, seismic hazard assessment) through joint modelling and inversion of complementary geophysical datasets (passive seismological, gravimetric, magnetic, geochemical, active seismics, etc.). As submissions are not restricted to the listed approaches, we look forward to receiving applications of other novel integrated approaches as well. We strongly welcome submissions from Early Career Scientists.

Are you unsure about how to bring order in the extensive program of the General Assembly? Are you wondering how to tackle this week of science? Are you curious about what EGU and the General Assembly have to offer? Then this is the short course for you!

During this course, we will provide you with tips and tricks on how to handle this large conference and how to make the most out of your week at this year's General Assembly. We'll explain the EGU structure, the difference between EGU and the General Assembly, we will dive into the program groups and we will introduce some key persons that help the Union function.

This is a useful short course for first-time attendees, those who have previously only joined us online, and those who haven’t been to Vienna for a while!

Landslide mapping is a crucial activity for many studies in the field of geomorphology. The purpose of this Short Course is to share criteria for the interpretation of remote sensing images such as stereoscopic aerial photographs and LiDAR derived images. The interpretation criteria will be defined and applied in specific hands-on practical examples in a collaborative environment using StereoPhotoMaker, a free and simple yet powerful 3D vision system that can be easily installed on any computer. Cyan-magenta anaglyph glasses will be provided to all participants. Line drawing will be done in QGIS. Simple landslide mapping tasks, increasing in complexity, will allow discussing and sharing ideas and opinions, as well as getting a visual idea of the expected variability behind different types of landslide inventories. This Short Course does not require any specific training or experience, so it is open to early-career researchers, students, and curious geoscientists.

Disclaimer: please note that not everyone can perceive stereoscopic 3D. Check this by simply searching for cyan-magenta stereoscopic anaglyphs online. Cyan-magenta anaglyph 3D glasses are necessary.