This special session will synthesize rapid scientific insights from recent large and/or disruptive earthquake sequences, highlighting what we have learned, what remains uncertain, and which methods prove most informative. We aim to feature concise, data-driven and integrative modeling spotlights on earthquake physics, rupture dynamics, ground motions, geological field analysis, geodesy, tsunami observations, early analyses, and community data/model sharing. Emphasis is on timely results emerging up to March 2026, with flexibility to include very recent events of scientific and societal relevance. The format is a moderated panel with invited talks and time for Q&A, designed to surface cross-disciplinary takeaways and priorities for follow-up studies. No abstracts are required.

The most general seismology session welcomes a diverse array of presentations on recent local, regional, and global earthquakes, including significant earthquake sequences. It also highlights recent advancements in characterizing Earth's structure through various seismological methods.

How do seismologists detect and locate earthquakes? Is seismology only about earthquakes? Seismology has become an essential tool across various geo-disciplines, complementing fields like tectonics, geology, geodynamics, volcanology, hydrology, glaciology, and planetology.

In Seismology 101, we will introduce the fundamental concepts and methods of seismology. This course remains tailored to those unfamiliar with the subject, particularly early career scientists. We will provide an overview of key methods and processing techniques applicable to surface processes, near-surface geological structures, and the Earth’s interior. The course will emphasise how advanced seismological techniques can enhance the interpretation of results from other disciplines.
Topics include:
- Basic principles of seismology, including earthquake detection and location
- Understanding and interpreting "beachballs" (focal mechanisms)
- The distinction between earthquake risks and hazards
- An introduction to free tutorials at seismo-live.org and other useful tools
- Applications of seismic methods for imaging the Earth’s interior (at various scales), deciphering tectonics, and monitoring volcanoes, landslides, glaciers, and more.

While we won’t turn you into the next Charles Richter in 60 minutes, we aim to increase your awareness of how seismology can support geoscience. Each topic will be discussed in a non-technical manner, highlighting both strengths and potential limitations. This course will help non-seismologists better understand seismic data and foster enriched interdisciplinary discussions.

The short course is organized by early career seismologists and geoscientists, who will present examples from their own research and high-impact reference studies for illustration. This 60-minute short course is part of a quintet of introductory 101 courses on Geodesy, Geodynamics, Geology, Seismology, and Tectonic Modelling. All courses are led by experts who aim to make complex Earth science concepts accessible to non-experts.

In recent decades, observational seismology has advanced rapidly, driven by expanding computational capabilities and the growing availability of data. Emerging approaches such as Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and Large-N nodal arrays introduce exciting opportunities to go beyond standard catalog building for subsurface investigation and analysis, as well as present new challenges. The integration of large datasets, advanced monitoring tools, and innovative processing techniques has paved the way for new discoveries. Machine learning-based methods, for example, can detect more earthquakes than traditional techniques, enabling the identification of smaller events and revealing previously hidden patterns. Likewise, fully data-driven and waveform-based methods are enhancing our ability to image the Earth's crust with increasing resolution. However, automated approaches can introduce errors or biases if uncertainties are not carefully assessed. Uncertainty quantification therefore remains a central challenge, essential for ensuring robust and reliable scientific outcomes.
This session invites contributions presenting new approaches to the analysis of large seismic datasets, whether in offline playback or (near) real-time applications, across a wide range of tectonic settings and spatial scales. We particularly welcome methods that integrate rigorous error and uncertainty analysis.
Submissions may focus on classical aspects of seismicity analysis, such as event detection, location, magnitude estimation, and source characterization, as well as novel instrumental or theoretical developments. We encourage contributions spanning diverse applications, including automated observatory workflows, enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), carbon capture and storage (CCS) monitoring, and studies from laboratory to regional scales.

Over the last decade, machine learning methods have established themselves as essential tools for geophysical data analysis, often substantially improving upon the conventional routines. They are applied across diverse datasets, ranging from seismic, GNSS, and InSAR measurements to laboratory recordings, to answer questions spanning states and processes of the Solid Earth and environmental systems. Nonetheless, numerous challenges remain in the application of machine learning for geophysical data, such as:

- How can machine learning bridge different data modalities and capture the different scales of geophysical processes?
- How can we efficiently encode physics knowledge into machine learning models or extract physical insights from machine learning black boxes?
- What standardized datasets and evaluation benchmarks are needed to ensure fair comparison, reproducibility, and progress?
- How can simulated data help alleviate data-poor scenarios, such as rare extreme events?
- What is the impact of recent developments in artificial intelligence, such as the advent of large language models and foundation models on geophysics?
- How can we lower model complexity to reduce environmental impact and enable use in low-power contexts?
What are the best practices for integrating machine learning into mission-critical production systems, such as early warning applications?

In this session, we aim to address these questions and related active topics in the development and application of machine learning for geophysical data. We aim to bring together machine learning researchers and practitioners from different geophysical domains to identify common challenges and opportunities. We welcome contributions from all fields of geophysics, covering a wide range of data types and machine learning techniques. We also encourage contributions for machine learning adjacent tasks, such as big-data management, data visualization, or software development.

Seismic data come in many forms, from raw waveforms to tomographic models. Throughout acquisition, processing, and inversion, uncertainties propagate and obscure our understanding of Earth's interior and subsurface. Quantifying and interpreting these uncertainties is vital for robust geological and geodynamical inferences.
In seismic tomography and imaging, uncertainties are often described by resolution metrics, such as resolution matrices or resolving kernels, or by summary statistics derived from posterior samples via Bayesian methods. Recently, machine learning techniques—including variational inference, learned distributions, and likelihood-free approaches—have been introduced to quantify uncertainty, offering promising alternatives. However, fully understanding the meaning of these uncertainties, their interactions, and their influence on model interpretation remains a major challenge.
Once quantified, how do these uncertainties affect downstream applications in geodynamics, mineral physics, or earthquake hazard assessment? Are tomographic inferences reliable enough to support these fields, or do uncertainties limit our conclusions?
Beyond observational data, other uncertainty sources—such as model parameterisation, prior assumptions, and the choice of forward models—add complexity. How do these modelling choices influence the recovered Earth structure and its uncertainties? How can we distinguish genuine Earth features from modelling artefacts?
This session invites contributions that:
• Develop or apply novel methods for quantifying uncertainty in seismic tomography,
• Explore how uncertainty impacts Earth structure interpretations,
• Compare different uncertainty quantification approaches,
• Address model validation and benchmarking amid uncertainty,
• Investigate how tomographic uncertainties propagate into fields like geodynamics, mineral physics, or hazard modelling.
We welcome studies covering global and regional scales, body-wave and surface-wave tomography, full-waveform inversion, ambient noise imaging, and any seismic method where uncertainty is crucial. Cross-disciplinary and innovative methodological contributions are particularly encouraged.

Computational earth science uses modelling to understand complex physical systems which cannot be directly observed. Over the last years, numerical modeling of earthquakes has provided new approaches to apprehend the physics of earthquake rupture and the seismic cycle, seismic wave propagation, fault zone evolution, and seismic hazard assessment. Recent advances in numerical algorithms and increasing computational power enable unforeseen precision and incorporation of multi-physics components in physics-based simulations of earthquake rupture and seismic wave propagation but also pose challenges in terms of fully exploiting modern supercomputing infrastructure, realistic parameterization of simulation ingredients, and the analysis of large synthetic datasets. Meanwhile, advances in laboratory experiments link earthquake source processes to rock mechanics.

This session brings together modelers and data analysts interested in the physics and computational aspects of earthquake phenomena and earthquake engineering. We welcome contributions spanning all aspects of seismic hazard assessment and earthquake physics - from slow slip events, fault mechanics and rupture dynamics, to wave propagation and ground motion analysis, to the seismic cycle and interseismic deformation and links to long-term tectonics and geodynamics - as well as studies advancing the state-of-the art in the related computational and numerical aspects.

Since the early 2000s, large-scale deployments such as USArray and Hi-Net have driven the rise of dense seismic arrays, boosted by advances in autonomous seismic nodes and Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS). These technologies, combined with methods like array processing and seismic interferometry, enable unprecedented spatial resolution for imaging, seismicity studies, and monitoring geological processes across scales.

This growth brings challenges in deployment, maintenance, and data management. Instrument management, including the lack of standards for nodal and DAS acquisitions, issues for calibration, synchronization, and maintenance of large numbers of sensors, requires streamlined processes and innovative approaches. The field operations for the installation, maintenance, and recovery of dense seismic arrays, often in remote or challenging environments, require smart solutions to maintain data quality and continuity while easing the logistical burden. Last but not least, managing the large volumes of data generated by these dense deployments necessitates efficient data handling, storage, processing, and analysis techniques (cloud computing, machine learning, etc.), alongside user-friendly tools and standardized protocols for metadata tracking and archiving.

We aim to split the session into two parts: a technical one where engineers and network operators have a space to show their latest work, and a scientific one where researchers will be able to showcase their latest results. Therefore, this session invites contributions addressing the operational, logistical, technical, and data management challenges associated with dense seismic arrays. We particularly welcome discussions on instrument comparisons, the development of practical tools for deployment strategies (such as QField or alternatives), or for instrument access (including how to access the European nodal pools and the DAS interrogators available for collaboration), data management, and metadata standardization (e.g., initiatives through ORFEUS, EPOS or European projects such as Geo-INQUIRE). Additionally, the session encourages submissions presenting innovative scientific and methodological developments, applications, and cutting-edge results, including imaging, array analysis, seismicity monitoring, derived from dense seismic networks and DAS deployments (or other distributed fiber-optic sensing methods) across all scales, from local to regional and global investigations.

The oceans cover about 71% of the Earth’s surface, yet our understanding of the oceanic crust, mantle, and dynamic processes remains limited. A major reason is the difficulty of observing Earth's structure and seismicity beneath the oceans compared to land. To address this gap, a wide range of amphibian instruments are increasingly being used, from ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) to distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), MERMAIDs, and other novel geophysical and environmental sensors. Together, these tools are transforming our ability to explore and monitor the oceans and the solid Earth beneath them.

Over the past two decades, these approaches have led to fascinating discoveries, from earthquake processes and subduction dynamics to mantle plumes, mid-ocean ridges, transform faults, thermal heterogeneity, and volatile cycling. They also reveal exciting new opportunities to study oceanographic, biological, and environmental processes. Yet challenges remain: large-scale deployments are costly and logistically complex, data sharing and best practices are often limited, and many valuable data sets remain inaccessible for years, reducing the long-term impact of these community investments.

This session invites contributions from the global community on the full spectrum of amphibian geophysics: from instrument development, experiment design, and novel analysis methods (e.g. machine learning, data fusion, cross-disciplinary approaches) to new scientific results. We particularly encourage submissions that integrate different types of amphibian instrumentation and highlight the role of ocean observations in advancing our understanding of both the oceans and the Earth’s deep interior.

We are also delighted to announce an invited speaker, presenting on their recent work on large-scale OBS experiments such as Santorini and the Galápagos (title to be confirmed).

Seismological infrastructures are facing rapidly evolving user demands. In addition to providing access to traditional seismological data and associated products, they now must support novel, high-volume, multidisciplinary datasets, applications and workflows, which require the adoption of advanced, modern data management policies and strategies. This session welcomes contributions on: (a) data collection, curation and provision from modern seismic network deployment, operation, management and delivery of downstream waveform data products, at local, regional and global level; (b) integration of new data types (e.g., DAS systems) and communities, with emphasis on the interface between Seismology and Geodesy-GNSS; (c) development, testing, and comparison of emerging strategies (e.g. AI) and software tools for earthquake monitoring, in particular for real-time applications; (d) delivery of technical and scientific seismological and multidisciplinary data products; (e) integration of recorded seismological data in computational workflows and digital twins. Promoted by ORFEUS and Earthscope, this session facilitates data integration, exchange, discovery and usage; promotes global collaboration; and fosters open science through data openness and FAIRification.

Fibre optic based techniques allow probing highly precise point and distributed sensing of the full ground motion wave-field including translation, rotation and strain, as well as environmental parameters such as temperature at a scale and to an extent previously unattainable with conventional geophysical sensors. Considerable improvements in optical and atom interferometry enable new concepts for inertial rotation, translational displacement and acceleration sensing. Laser reflectometry on commercial fibre optic cables allows for the first time spatially dense and temporally continuous sensing of the ocean’s floor, successfully detecting a variety of signals including microseism, local and teleseismic earthquakes, volcanic events, ocean dynamics, etc. Significant breakthrough in the use of fibre optic sensing techniques came from the new ability to interrogate telecommunication cables to high temporal and spatial precision across a wide range of environments. Applications based on this new type of data are numerous, including: seismic source and wave-field characterisation with single point observations in harsh environments such as active volcanoes and the seafloor, seismic ambient noise interferometry, earthquake and tsunami early warning, and infrastructure stability monitoring.

We welcome contributions on developments in instrumental and theoretical advances, applications and processing with fibre optic point and/or distributed multi-sensing techniques, light polarization and transmission analyses, using standard telecommunication and/or engineered fibre cables. We seek studies on theoretical, instrumental, observation and advanced processing across all solid earth fields, including seismology, volcanology, glaciology, geodesy, geophysics, natural hazards, oceanography, urban environment, geothermal applications, laboratory studies, large-scale field tests, planetary exploration, gravitational wave detection, fundamental physics. We encourage contributions on data analysis techniques, novel applications, machine learning, data management, instrumental performance and comparison as well as new experimental, field, laboratory, modelling studies in fibre optic sensing studies.

Over the past decade, advances in near-fault observation technologies have provided new insights into fault mechanics and earthquake generation, enabled by multidisciplinary data acquisition and integrated observations. The combination of dense, multidisciplinary monitoring networks (e.g. Near-Fault Observatories, large-N arrays, Distributed Acoustic Sensing, low cost GNSS) with advanced processing techniques, including deep learning and automatic detection pipelines, improves the characterization of natural and induced earthquakes with unprecedented detail. This multidisciplinary approach reveals fault structures, stress accumulation processes, rupture initiation and evolution, seismicity and fluid migration, aseismic creep and postseismic deformation.

The geoscience community is converging on interdisciplinary approaches that use these observations to answer key questions about earthquake rupture mechanics and seismic hazard.
This session invites contributions presenting new approaches in automated and machine learning-based seismic monitoring, developments in real-time and end-to-end workflows for earthquake detection and characterization, and modeling of rupture processes using data from dense infrastructures. We invite contributions that use multiparameter observation integration, and discuss innovations in instrumentation, including DAS and geochemical sensors. We also encourage contributions on Earth observation, fault imaging, as well as data integration and software development from near-fault observatories and induced-seismicity episodes.

This session will focus on investigations about the physics of earthquakes – fast and slow. On the one hand contributions deal with imaging and numerical simulations of earthquake physics. On the other hand we solicit studies towards a comprehensive understanding of slow earthquakes.

We invite abstracts on works to image rupture kinematics and simulate earthquake dynamics using numerical method to improve understanding of the physics of earthquakes. In particular, these are works that aim to develop a deeper understanding of earthquake source physics by linking novel laboratory experiments to earthquake dynamics, and studies on earthquake scaling properties. For instance assessing the roles fluids and heterogeneities play in influencing, directing, or obstructing the behavior of slow earthquakes and how they impact rupture mechanics. Other works show progress in imaging earthquake sources using seismic data and surface deformation measurements (e.g. GNSS and InSAR) to estimate rupture properties on faults and fault systems. Especially for slow earthquakes we look for technological innovations, showcasing cutting-edge tools and methodologies that boost our proficiency in detecting, analyzing, and understanding slow earthquakes.

We want to highlight strengths and limitations of each data set and method in the context of the source-inversion problem, accounting for uncertainties and robustness of the source models and imaging or simulation methods. Contributions are welcome that make use of modern computing paradigms and infrastructure to tackle large-scale forward simulation of earthquake process, but also inverse modeling to retrieve the rupture process with proper uncertainty quantification. We also welcome seismic studies using data from natural faults, lab results and numerical approaches to understand earthquake physics.

This session will focus on investigations about the physics of earthquakes – fast and slow. On the one hand contributions deal with imaging and numerical simulations of earthquake physics. On the other hand we solicit studies towards a comprehensive understanding of slow earthquakes.

We invite abstracts on works to image rupture kinematics and simulate earthquake dynamics using numerical method to improve understanding of the physics of earthquakes. In particular, these are works that aim to develop a deeper understanding of earthquake source physics by linking novel laboratory experiments to earthquake dynamics, and studies on earthquake scaling properties. For instance assessing the roles fluids and heterogeneities play in influencing, directing, or obstructing the behavior of slow earthquakes and how they impact rupture mechanics. Other works show progress in imaging earthquake sources using seismic data and surface deformation measurements (e.g. GNSS and InSAR) to estimate rupture properties on faults and fault systems. Especially for slow earthquakes we look for technological innovations, showcasing cutting-edge tools and methodologies that boost our proficiency in detecting, analyzing, and understanding slow earthquakes.

We want to highlight strengths and limitations of each data set and method in the context of the source-inversion problem, accounting for uncertainties and robustness of the source models and imaging or simulation methods. Contributions are welcome that make use of modern computing paradigms and infrastructure to tackle large-scale forward simulation of earthquake process, but also inverse modeling to retrieve the rupture process with proper uncertainty quantification. We also welcome seismic studies using data from natural faults, lab results and numerical approaches to understand earthquake physics.

Tectonic faults exhibit a spectrum of failure modes ranging from aseismic creep, to slow slip and devastating earthquakes. Despite the growth in observations of slow earthquakes, debates about their mechanisms, scaling properties, and interplay with fast (ordinary) earthquakes remain. Leveraging cutting-edge technologies in the laboratory, advanced observational methods, and sophisticated modeling, this session aims to bring together the diversity of works associated with several aspects listed below, to broaden our understanding and encourage discussions:

Underlying Mechanisms: What mechanism(s) limits slip speed? We encourage studies about the micro-mechanics, frictional behaviors, rupture dynamics, fluids and temperature and pressure conditions initiating and driving slow slip events.

Scaling Relationships: Decoding the scaling of slow earthquakes across time, space, and energy dimensions, offering insights into their core dynamics.

Technological Innovations: Showcasing avant-garde tools and methodologies that boost our proficiency in detecting, analyzing, and understanding slow earthquakes.

Interplay between Slow and Fast Earthquakes: Probing into the seismic cycle, their mutual impacts, and potential warning signs exhibited by diverse seismic phenomena.

We encourage contributions that span from laboratory experiments to volcanic and tectonic research; from geological and geophysical observations, including but not limited to seismic and geodetic, to imaging and modeling.

Slow fault slip plays a fundamental role in releasing tectonic stress and modulating seismic hazard across various tectonic settings, including subduction zones, transform boundaries, continental fault systems, and collision margins. Decades of observations have shown that slow slip is often associated with seismic moment release (low-frequency earthquakes, tectonic tremor, regular earthquakes). Together, they seem to outline a continuum of moment release, from slow, distributed aseismic slip to seismically observable fast and localized slip acceleration. However, these slow-and-fast slip components are not equally represented in every slow-slip-prone area, and the seismic and geodetic parts of these phenomena are not always perfectly correlated in space and time. This suggests a multiscale organization of slow fault slip whose complexity may be underpinned by structural and chemical heterogeneities of the underlying materials.

This session aims to explore how and why slow slip becomes seismic, to improve our understanding of the dynamics of tectonic moment release in slow-slip-prone areas, from shallow to deep plate interfaces. We welcome contributions building towards a multidisciplinary understanding of the spatiotemporal variability of slow slip and its interactions with (a)seismic events, employing geodetic and seismic data, geological records, laboratory experiments, and modeling, as well as emerging technologies such as machine learning and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS).

Due to its physical properties, the forearc mantle wedge in subduction zones has commonly been regarded as too cold and too hydrated to allow earthquake nucleation. However, in recent years, precise observations enabled the detection of clusters of mantle wedge seismicity in numerous regions, such as New Zealand, Japan, the Alps, Chile or the Lesser Antilles. Yet, many questions remain unanswered, for example, about the environment hosting these events, the processes triggering mantle wedge seismicity and its implications for seismic hazard. In this session, we aim to bring together contributions on detection, modeling, physical processes understanding, implications in terms of seismic hazard, mantle dynamics, and mineralogy to understand this seismic activity.

In particular, we invite contributions from:
- Seismological observations (detection, location, analysis)
- Geodynamic or thermomechanical modeling
- Fluids in mantle wedge seismicity
- Mineralogy and rheology understanding
- Implications for seismic hazards
- Regional case studies

Interferometric techniques transform seismic networks into observatories that continuously monitor the Earth's dynamic processes, such as time-varying structures, volcanic and hydrological activity, and ocean-solid Earth interactions. These techniques can now be applied to signals beyond ocean microseismic noise, capturing seismic energy from other natural and anthropogenic sources.

Significant progress has been made in obtaining high-resolution images of seismic velocity and other elastic/rock physics properties, identifying and quantifying the sources of various ambient noise wave types, and interpreting variations in seismic properties. However, challenges persist, such as using signals from suboptimally situated sources like urban noise or ambient noise body waves from localized storms, interpreting the seismic ambient field’s polarization, and analyzing ambient noise amplitudes for elastic effects and anelastic attenuation. Additionally, the spatial localization of seismic property changes and the implementation of spatial wavefield gradient measurements using advanced sensors, such as fiber optic or rotational sensors, present ongoing challenges.

This session invites discussions on recent advances in ambient noise seismology and seismic interferometry. Topics include theoretical and numerical developments, novel applications, and observational studies. We welcome studies on topics including, but not limited to, ambient seismic sources, ocean wave quantification through ambient noise, urban seismic noise, interferometric imaging, monitoring subsurface properties, and assessing subsurface deformation under both internal (e.g., earthquake, volcanic, slow movements, etc.) and external forces (e.g., tidal effects, environmental effects, anthropogenic effects, etc.). Additional topics of interest include spatial sensitivity studies for imaging and monitoring under diverse source conditions, quantification of site effects, amplification, and attenuation, AI-based signal processing, and interdisciplinary applications of seismic interferometry.

Water, in all its forms - liquid, solid and frozen - plays a central role on our planet. As climate change continues to impact the global water cycle, a deeper understanding of the Earth's water resources and their dynamics is becoming increasingly crucial. Recent advances demonstrate the potential of seismological methods to detect, image, and monitor hydrological processes at various scales, including soil moisture variations, groundwater dynamics, permafrost thaw, and water-driven geohazards. These methods offer essential new information that could complement conventional hydrological and remote sensing observations.

This session invites contributions that advance methodological developments and showcase applications of seismology to hydrosphere-related processes. Topics include, but are not limited to:

... Groundwater and aquifer characterization, including seismic imaging and monitoring of groundwater distribution, dynamics, depletion, anthropogenic impacts, and the localization of aquitards.

... Impacts of climate change on the water cycle observed seismically, including ocean wave climate, sea-level rise, ice melt, permafrost decline, droughts, and altered precipitation patterns.

... Water-related geohazards, such as landslides, floods, avalanches, and cascading events triggered by permafrost degradation or water infiltration.

... Water resources in the critical zone, including water storage, surface and root-zone soil moisture, and surface water
bodies (rivers, lakes, wetlands).

... Fundamental studies of wave propagation in water-bearing media, including theoretical, laboratory, and methodological developments.

The session aims to foster discussion on how seismic methods can provide new insights into the water cycle, improve hazard assessment, and support sustainable management of water resources under changing climate conditions.

The physical and structural properties of the crust and lithosphere are often explored independently through numerous geophysical modelling and inversion methods, from tomographic to potential field investigations, among others. Recent developments in joint processing and modelling has been beneficial in highlighting the advantages of complementary, multi-disciplinary geophysical datasets for the comprehensive understanding of the Earth's structure. This session invites studies undertaken for imaging at multiple spatial scales (from near-surface to lithosphere) of diverse parameters (physical state of the medium, identification of seismogenic zones, mapping natural resources, seismic hazard assessment) through joint modelling and inversion of complementary geophysical datasets (passive seismological, gravimetric, magnetic, geochemical, active seismics, etc.). As submissions are not restricted to the listed approaches, we look forward to receiving applications of other novel integrated approaches as well. We strongly welcome submissions from Early Career Scientists.

This session will cover applied and theoretical aspects of geophysical imaging, modelling and inversion using active- and passive-source seismic measurements as well as other geophysical techniques (e.g., gravity, magnetic, electromagnetic) to investigate properties of the Earth’s lithosphere and asthenosphere, and explore the processes involved. We invite contributions focused on methodological developments, theoretical aspects, and applications. Studies across the scales and disciplines are particularly welcome.

Among others, the session will cover the following topics:
- Active- and passive-source imaging
- Full waveform inversion developments and applications
- Advancements and case studies in 2D and 3D imaging
- DAS imaging
- Interferometry and Marchenko imaging
- Seismic attenuation and anisotropy
- Developments and applications of multi-scale and multi-parameter inversion
- Joint inversion of seismic and complementary geophysical data

Critical raw materials, geothermal energy, hydrogen storage, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) all play a vital role in the energy transition and in securing Europe's strategic resources. Exploration and monitoring of these resources and infrastructures require affordable, reliable, and scalable geophysical methods to reduce subsurface uncertainty, de-risk drilling, and ensure safe and sustainable operation.

In recent years, passive seismic imaging has emerged as a cost-effective exploration tool, particularly valuable in complex geological settings and at depths beyond the reach of conventional active methods. These approaches are increasingly demonstrating their potential not only for geothermal and subsurface storage applications, but also for mining exploration.

This session invites contributions that advance passive seismic methodology and modeling for applications to subsurface imaging, as well as case studies showcasing applications to critical raw material exploration, mining, geothermal energy, hydrogen storage, and CCS. We particularly encourage studies highlighting integration of passive seismic techniques into industrial exploration workflows, and contributions spanning ambient-noise and/or earthquake-based approaches.

Seismic attenuation, involving energy loss through scattering and intrinsic absorption, significantly affects seismic wave propagation. As a fundamental property, attenuation plays a central role in subsurface imaging, investigations of Earth’s deep interior, and seismic exploration of planetary bodies. Quantitative analysis of attenuation enables inference of key material properties, such as composition, fluids, or fractures. A comprehensive understanding of attenuation mechanisms also supports robust source characterization and accurate ground-motion modeling, with important implications for hazard assessment and mitigation. In recent decades, advances in theory, numerical modeling, and data analysis have substantially improved attenuation characterization. High-accuracy 3D simulations now allow realistic modeling of wave propagation through complex structures, while advanced inversion techniques better separate scattering from intrinsic absorption. On the observational side, dense seismic arrays and new sensing technologies provide major, yet still underexploited, opportunities to enhance resolution.
This session will bring together experts to present the latest innovations in seismic attenuation research. We welcome theoretical and applied contributions, from work deepening fundamental understanding to studies showcasing practical applications.
Topics of interest include:
• Theoretical advancements that improve understanding of attenuation processes, including scattering and intrinsic absorption.
• Resolve Earth’s internal structure through analysis of attenuation data.
• Numerical simulations of the relevant equations for seismic wave propagation in heterogeneous media and attenuation.
• Applications to the study and characterization of seismic sources.
• Attenuation studies in seismic hazard and damage assessment, including ground motion models and the effects of shaking on structures and infrastructure.
• Energy dispersion from geological heterogeneities, such as faults, fractures, and variations in rock properties.
• Attenuation as an indicator of energy conversion into heat, with applications to geothermal exploration and volcanic hazard assessment.
• Tomographic imaging that integrates attenuation, scattering, and absorption to investigate Earth’s structure from crust to core.
• Planetary science investigations that use seismic attenuation to probe the internal structure and dynamics of other planetary bodies.

Geophysical imaging techniques are widely used to characterize and monitor structures and processes in the shallow subsurface. Active methods include seismic, electrical resistivity, induced polarization, electromagnetic, and ground-penetrating radar, whereas passive approaches draw on ambient noise and electrical self-potential measurements. Advances in experimental design, instrumentation, acquisition, processing, numerical modelling, open hardware and software, and inversion continue to push the limits of spatial and temporal resolution. Nonetheless, the interpretation of geophysical images often remains ambiguous. Challenges addressed in this session include optimal acquisition strategies, automated processing and associated error quantification, spatial and temporal regularization of model parameters, integration of non-geophysical data and geological/process realism into imaging workflows, joint inversion, as well as quantitative interpretation through suitable petrophysical relations, and uncertainty quantification throughout the workflow.

We invite submissions spanning the full spectrum of near-surface geophysical imaging, from methodological innovation to diverse applications at different scales. Contributions on combining complementary methods, machine learning, and process monitoring are particularly encouraged.

Understanding volcanic hazards and their mitigation is a central challenge in geoscience. Volcanoes impact human societies and the environment on regional to global scales, yet they remain among the most complex and least accessible systems on Earth. Knowledge of their plumbing systems, eruptive histories, and the frequency or magnitude of eruptions and collapse events is still limited. Traditionally, insights were derived primarily from petrological studies and the restricted exposures of volcanic edifices.
In recent years, seismic imaging has emerged as a powerful tool to investigate volcanic systems, providing constraints on plumbing structures, eruptive products, and associated mass-wasting processes across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Advances in seismic tomography enable imaging of magmatic systems from crustal mush zones to shallow, melt-rich reservoirs. Meanwhile, high-resolution reflection seismic methods reveal the shallow architecture of volcanoes, including internal stratigraphy, intrusive networks, pyroclastic flow deposits, and collapse-related features. These complementary approaches not only illuminate past eruptive and mass-wasting events but also provide insights into the current stability of volcanic flanks. The integration of seismic methods across scales therefore offers a unique opportunity for a holistic understanding of volcanic systems and for developing more robust hazard assessments.
This session welcomes contributions that apply earthquake seismology or controlled-source seismic data (from land or marine settings) to the study of modern or ancient volcanic systems. We particularly encourage studies that combine multiple approaches or datasets to advance our understanding of volcanic architecture, evolution, and associated hazards.

Earthquake sequences often deviate from simple mainshock-aftershock patterns, exhibiting complex spatio-temporal behavior and moment release. Particularly common in volcanic regions, earthquake swarms, intense foreshock activity, and sequences of earthquakes with comparable magnitudes are observed across all tectonic settings, challenging conventional earthquake laws (e.g., Båth's law, Omori-Utsu, and Gutenberg-Richter). Potential triggering mechanisms include changes in pore pressure, aseismic slip events (creep, slow slip), magma-induced stress perturbations, and earthquake-earthquake interactions.

Recent advances in earthquake catalog generation, through machine learning, template matching, and double difference techniques, now provide unprecedented resolution for investigating complex sequences, reveal their triggering mechanisms, and shed light on the underlying physical processes. This session will bring together studies of earthquake swarms and complex seismic sequences across diverse tectonic settings and scales.

We welcome contributions that focus on the analysis of earthquake swarms and complex seismic sequences in terms of spatio-temporal evolution, frequency-magnitude distribution, scaling properties, triggering mechanism, as well as laboratory and numerical modeling simulating the mechanical conditions yielding swarm-like and complex seismic sequences. Multidisciplinary studies integrating deformation data, geophysical imaging, geology, and fluid geochemistry are particularly encouraged. The overarching goal is to synthesize knowledge from various tectonic environments to improve our understanding of the physical processes governing complex seismic sequences.

This Fault2SHA session will focus on state-of-the-art progress in Earthquake Rupture Forecast (ERF) and its integration into probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) and probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis (PFDHA). Recent developments highlight the importance of combining physics-based simulators, inversion-based fault system solutions, and fault-based approaches with geologic and geodetic data to produce models that are modular, transparent, and more suitable for practical applications in hazard and risk mitigation.
Geological investigations continue to provide critical insights into fault behavior and earthquake recurrence. Paleoseismological trenching, high-resolution coring, structural geology, tectonic geomorphology, and geodesy extend the earthquake record from recent events to multi-millennial timescales, enabling the characterization of earthquake source parameters and long-term fault behavior. These multidisciplinary observations, when combined with physics-based and multi-cycle earthquake simulations, offer new opportunities to address epistemic uncertainties, capture complex rupture processes, and refine time-dependent hazard models.
The session aims to foster dialogue on how innovative approaches and diverse datasets can be integrated into seismic hazard frameworks, ultimately improving our ability to quantify uncertainties and support applications ranging from building codes and land-use planning to insurance and risk management.
Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:
• ERF approaches and their role in PSHA and FDHA
• Advances in physics-based earthquake cycle simulations
• Incorporation of paleoseismological and geological constraints into hazard models
• Structural geology, tectonic geomorphology, and geodesy applied to fault characterization
• Methods to quantify and reduce epistemic uncertainties in hazard assessments
• Case studies linking recent earthquakes, long-term fault behavior, and hazard analysis
We particularly encourage contributions that present innovative, integrative, and multidisciplinary approaches to studying active faults and their role in seismic hazard assessment.

The CTBT's International Monitoring System (IMS) uses a global network of seismic, hydroacoustic, and infrasound sensors, as well as air sampling of radionuclides, to detect nuclear tests worldwide. The data from the IMS stations undergoes a multi-step processing and analysis procedure at the International Data Centre (IDC) to detect and locate natural and human-made events in any environment - underground, underwater, or in the atmosphere. By using atmospheric transport modelling (ATM), a link between a radionuclide detection and a possible source region can be estimated. On-site inspection (OSI) technologies utilize similar seismo-acoustic methods on a smaller scale, as well as geophysical methods like ground penetrating radar and geomagnetic surveying, to identify evidence of a nuclear test.

This session invites studies focused on methods and applications for event detection and location using seismic, hydroacoustic, infrasound, and radionuclide technologies. Contributions on the enhancement of seismic and acoustic velocity models, as well as the modeling of acoustic wave propagation, ATM of radionuclides, and contributions regarding the data fusion of various technologies are welcome. The session invites contributions on Nuclear-Test-Ban Monitoring using either IMS or OSI instrumentation, data or methods. This can be either in the context of explosion monitoring of actual or historic events or by taking into account fictitious scenarios like the National Data Centre Preparedness Exercises (NPE).

Contributions to the civil and scientific use of IMS data are encouraged. Civil applications include disaster risk reduction through early warning or hazard assessments for earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic activity. Earth science applications encompass analyses on different natural or anthropogenic sources as well as studies on climate change, ocean processes, solid Earth structure, and atmospheric circulation. Finally, contributions on the application of machine learning in event detection, localization, discrimination, and monitoring are highly encouraged.

Earthquakes are one of the most impactful natural phenomena responsible for many losses of life and resources. To minimize their effects, it is important to characterize the seismic hazard of the different areas, understanding the variables involved. To better estimate the seismic hazard, earthquake source(s) and seismicity need to be better understood. Moreover, local site conditions have to be characterized to produce a reliable model of the ground shaking in the sites of interest. The goal of this session is to understand what are the cutting-edge studies on the topics of seismic hazard, site effect, and microzonation.

In this session, studies related to the following topics, but not limited to, are welcome:
● Seismic hazard analysis
● Seismic source characterization
● Characterization of seismicity in seismic hazard analysis
● Ground motion prediction analysis
● Site effect and microzonation
● Earthquake-induced effects (e.g. liquefaction and landslide)
● 1D, 2D, and/or 3D numerical site effect modeling
● Soil-structure interaction and analysis
● New approaches in seismic hazard characterization
● Machine learning for seismic hazard, site effect, and microzonation

Recent decades have seen significant advances in the experimental quantification and numerical modelling of how surface geology affects ground motion. These include efforts to use seismic ambient noise to derive specific site amplification characteristics and to better constrain subsurface structures.
Despite the development of several empirical recipes, there is currently no consensus on how to determine site amplification for real earthquakes based on ambient noise characteristics. In fact, there is still no clear evidence that this is even possible. This uncertainty is closely linked to the fundamental differences between the seismic wavefields of earthquakes and ambient noise.
It is therefore important to better understand a) the earthquake ground motion in local surface sedimentary and topographic structures, b) seismic ambient noise in these structures, and c) characteristics of seismic ambient noise that could suggest, identify or even quantify a potential effect of surface geology on earthquake ground motion.
Numerical modelling can very much help to understand both earthquake ground motion and seismic ambient noise. Whereas more modelling was focused on the earthquake ground motion, only relatively limited work has been done on the numerical modelling of ambient noise: at both low frequencies (microseisms) and high frequencies (microtremor). As a result, we still lack a clear understanding of what quantitative information can be reliably extracted from noise measurements, and what processing techniques are most appropriate. This is especially true for frequency-dependent amplification in the linear domain.
The session will thus welcome contributions on site response and/or use of seismic ambient noise for characterizing site response. All kinds of approaches can be considered: instrumental measurements with sparse or dense arrays, advanced processing, theoretical or numerical modelling of earthquake ground motion and/or seismic ambient noise. A special interest will be brought to contributions linking earthquake site effects and seismic ambient noise.
Studies may concern sites with various dimensionalities (1D, 2D, 3D, with or without material heterogeneities) and various underground and surface geometry (including topography). Examples of apparent inconsistencies between noise measurements and instrumental earthquake site response are also welcome to gather as complete as possible picture of the issues which are still ahead.

Are you unsure about how to bring order in the extensive program of the General Assembly? Are you wondering how to tackle this week of science? Are you curious about what EGU and the General Assembly have to offer? Then this is the short course for you!

During this course, we will provide you with tips and tricks on how to handle this large conference and how to make the most out of your week at this year's General Assembly. We'll explain the EGU structure, the difference between EGU and the General Assembly, we will dive into the program groups and we will introduce some key persons that help the Union function.

This is a useful short course for first-time attendees, those who have previously only joined us online, and those who haven’t been to Vienna for a while!

The upscaling of laboratory results to regional geophysical observations is a fundamental challenge in geosciences. Earthquakes are inherently non-linear and multi-scale phenomena, with dynamics that are strongly dependent on the geometry and the physical properties of faults and their surrounding media. To investigate these complex processes, fault mechanisms are often scaled down in the laboratory to explore the physical and mechanical characteristics of earthquakes under controlled, yet realistic boundary conditions.
However, extrapolating these small-scale laboratory studies to large-scale geophysical observations remains a significant challenge. This is where numerical simulations become essential, serving as a bridge between scales and enhancing our understanding of fault mechanics. Together, laboratory experiments, numerical simulations, and geophysical observations are complementary and necessary to understand fault mechanisms across different scales.
In this session, we aim to convene multidisciplinary contributions that address multiple aspects of earthquake mechanics, combining laboratory, geophysical, and numerical observations, including:

(i) the interaction between the fault zone and the surrounding damage zone;
(ii) the thermo-hydro-mechanical processes associated with all the different stages of the seismic cycle;
(iii) bridging the gap between the different scales of fault deformation mechanisms.

We particularly encourage contributions with novel observations and innovative methodologies for studying earthquake faulting. Contributions from early career scientists are highly welcome.

Sitting under a tree, you feel the spark of an idea, and suddenly everything falls into place. The following days and tests confirm: you have made a magnificent discovery — so the classical story of scientific genius goes…

But science as a human activity is error-prone, and might be more adequately described as "trial and error". Handling mistakes and setbacks is therefore a key skill of scientists. Yet, we publish only those parts of our research that did work. That is also because a study may have better chances to be accepted for scientific publication if it confirms an accepted theory or reaches a positive result (publication bias). Conversely, the cases that fail in their test of a new method or idea often end up in a drawer (which is why publication bias is also sometimes called the "file drawer effect"). This is potentially a waste of time and resources within our community, as other scientists may set about testing the same idea or model setup without being aware of previous failed attempts.

Thus, we want to turn the story around, and ask you to share 1) those ideas that seemed magnificent but turned out not to be, and 2) the errors, bugs, and mistakes in your work that made the scientific road bumpy. In the spirit of open science and in an interdisciplinary setting, we want to bring the BUGS out of the drawers and into the spotlight. What ideas were torn down or did not work, and what concepts survived in the ashes or were robust despite errors?

We explicitly solicit Blunders, Unexpected Glitches, and Surprises (BUGS) from modeling and field or lab experiments and from all disciplines of the Geosciences.

In a friendly atmosphere, we will learn from each other’s mistakes, understand the impact of errors and abandoned paths on our work, give each other ideas for shared problems, and generate new insights for our science or scientific practice.

Here are some ideas for contributions that we would love to see:
- Ideas that sounded good at first, but turned out to not work.
- Results that presented themselves as great in the first place but turned out to be caused by a bug or measurement error.
- Errors and slip-ups that resulted in insights.
- Failed experiments and negative results.
- Obstacles and dead ends you found and would like to warn others about.

For inspiration, see last year's collection of BUGS - ranging from clay bricks to atmospheric temperature extremes - at https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/52496.

Geoscientists play a key role in providing essential information for decision-making processes that consider environmental, social, and economic consequences. Therefore, their responsibilities go beyond scientific analysis. Global challenges such as climate change, resource management, and disaster risk reduction urge geoscientists to extend their role beyond research and ethically engage in public efforts. Geoethics provides a framework to reflect on the ethical, social, and cultural implications of geoscience in both research and practice, guiding responsible action for society and the environment. It also encourages the scientific community to move beyond purely technical solutions, embracing just, inclusive, and transformative approaches to socio-environmental issues.
This session aims to explore, through case studies and discussion, how geoethics can shape responsible behaviors and policies in geosciences. We welcome theoretical, methodological, and practical contributions addressing a wide spectrum of issues, such as:
• Ethical and social aspects in geosciences, at the interface between geosciences, society, politics, and decision-making processes
• Responsible and sustainable management of georesources (surface and groundwater, soil, rocks, minerals, and energy)
• Ethical and social aspects in geo/environmental education and geoscience communication
• Geoethics in natural hazards, georisks, and disaster reduction
• Ethical and social relevance of geoheritage, geodiversity, geo-conservation, geotourism, and geoparks
• The role of geosciences in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
• Ethical and social issues related to climate change
• Ethical aspects in new geoscience frontiers (such as geoengineering and deep-sea mining)
• Ethical implications in data lifecycle management, big data, and the use of AI in geosciences
• Ethical questions across various geoscience disciplines, including economic geology, engineering geology, hydrogeology, paleontology, forensic geology, medical geology, and planetary geosciences
• Integrity in research and practice in geosciences, publication ethics, and professionalism
• Issues of inclusivity, diversity, harassment, discrimination, and disability in geosciences
• Incorporating Indigenous and local knowledge into geosciences
• Geoscience neo-colonialism
• Ethical and social issues in international geoscience cooperation
• Philosophy of geosciences and the history of geoscientific thought

Numerous cases of induced/triggered seismicity have been reported in the last decades, resulting either directly or indirectly from injection/extraction activity related to geo-resources exploration and exploitation. Induced earthquakes felt by populations often negatively affect public perception of geo-energies, and may lead to the cancellation of important projects. Furthermore, large earthquakes can jeopardize wellbore stability and damage (surface) infrastructure. Thus, monitoring and modelling processes leading to fault slip, either seismic or aseismic, are critical to developing effective and reliable forecasting methodologies during deep underground exploitation. The complex interaction between injected/withdrawn fluids, subsurface geology, stress interactions, and resulting fault slip requires an interdisciplinary approach to understand the triggering mechanisms, and may require taking coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical processes into account.

In this session, we invite contributions from research aimed at investigating the interaction of the above processes during exploitation of underground resources, including hydrocarbon extraction, wastewater disposal, geothermal energy exploitation, hydraulic fracturing, gas storage and production, mining, and reservoir impoundment for hydro-energy. We particularly encourage novel contributions based on laboratory and underground near-fault experiments, numerical modelling, the spatiotemporal relationship between seismic properties, injection/ withdrawal parameters, and/or geology, and fieldwork. Contributions covering both theoretical and experimental aspects of induced and triggered seismicity at multiple spatial and temporal scales are welcome.

Earth System Sciences (ESS) datasets, particularly those generated by high-resolution numerical models, are continuing to increase in terms of resolution and size. These datasets are essential for advancing ESS, supporting critical activities such as climate change policymaking, weather forecasting in the face of increasingly frequent natural disasters, and modern applications like machine learning.

The storage, usability, transfer and shareability of such datasets have become a pressing concern within the scientific community. State-of-the-art applications now produce outputs so large that even the most advanced data centres and infrastructures struggle not only to store them but also to ensure their usability and processability, including by downstream machine learning. Ongoing and upcoming community initiatives, such as digital twins and the 7th Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP7), are already pushing infrastructures to their limits. With future investment in hardware likely to remain constrained, a critical and viable way forward is to explore (lossy) data compression & reduction that balance efficiency with the needs of diverse stakeholders. Therefore, the interest in compression has grown as a means to 1) make the data volumes more manageable, 2) reduce transfer times and computational costs, while 3) preserving the quality required for downstream scientific analyses.

Nevertheless, many ESS researchers remain cautious about lossy compression, concerned that critical information or features may be lost for specific downstream applications. Identifying these use-case-specific requirements and ensuring they are preserved during compression are essential steps toward building trust so that compression can become widely adopted across the community.

This session will present and discuss recent advances in data compression and reduction for ESS datasets, focusing on:

1) Advances in and reviews of methods, including classical, learning-based, and hybrid approaches, with attention to computational efficiency of compression and decompression.
2) Approaches to enhance shareability and processing of high-volume ESS datasets through data compression (lossless and lossy) and reduction.
3) Inter-disciplinary case studies of compression in ESS workflows.
4) Understanding the domain- and use-case specific requirements, and developing methods that provide these guarantees for lossy compression.

It has become more than evident by now that the increasing complexity and resource intensiveness of performing state-of-the-art Earth System Science (ESS), be it from a modeling or a pure data collection and analysis perspective, requires tools and methods to orchestrate, record and reproduce the technical and scientific process. To this end, workflows are the fundamental tool for scaling, recording, and reproducing both Earth System Model (ESM) simulations and large-volume data handling and analyses.

With the increase in the complexity of computational systems and data handling tasks, such as heterogeneous compute environments, federated access requirements, and sometimes even restrictive policies for data movement, there is a necessity to develop advanced orchestration capabilities to automate the execution of workflows. Moreover, the community is confronted with the challenge of enabling the reproducibility of these workflows to ensure the reproducibility of the scientific output in a FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) manner. The aim is to improve data management practices in a data-intensive world.

This session will explore the latest advances in workflow management systems, concepts, and techniques linked to high-performance computing (HPC), data processing and analytics, the use of federated infrastructures and artificial intelligence (AI) application handling in ESS. We will discuss how workflows can manage otherwise unmanageable data volumes and complexities based on concrete use cases of major European and international initiatives pushing the boundaries of what is technically possible and contributing to research and development of workflow methods (such as Destination Earth, DT-GEO, EDITO and others).

On these topics, we invite contributions from researchers as well as data and computational experts presenting current scientific workflow approaches developed, offered and applied to enable and perform cutting edge research in ESS.

Making data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) is now widely recognised as essential to advance open and reproducible research. However, it is very difficult to translate these principles into practical data management guidelines across disciplines. The goal of the session is to explore how best data management practices are developed, implemented, and adopted across disciplines. As part of this session, we invite submissions that:
1) Share good or bad experiences developing, implementing, and adopting data practices that align with both FAIR principles and the evolving needs of specific research communities.
2) Propose strategies for engaging researchers in adopting and refining best practices.
3) Explore the role of cultural change in enabling adoption of sustainable data practices.
4) Highlight efforts that harmonise data formats and workflows across disciplines while respecting domain-specific requirements.
This session is aligned with the objectives of the Research Data Alliance (RDA) Earth, Space, and Environmental Sciences (ESES) Data Community of Practice, and aims to foster cross-disciplinary dialogue, particularly among researchers in hydrology, seismology, and ocean sciences. However, we welcome contributions from all disciplines, especially where they provide insights or novel approaches to community engagement.
By learning from diverse experiences, this session seeks to advance collective understanding of how to build and sustain data practices that are both FAIR and fit for purpose.

A variety of geophysical and geological observational techniques are now mature enough to provide valuable insights into the influence that mantle convection has on Earth surface and its core. Current challenges include the need to reconcile different spatial resolutions between models and observations, uneven data coverage and the determination of appropriate sampling and simulation scales. This session will provide a holistic view of the influence of mantle convection on core dynamics and surface expressions from geodetic to geological time scales using multi-disciplinary methods, including (but not limited to): geodetic, geophysical, geological, long-term evolution of the geomagnetic field, Earth's core dynamics magnetism and the seismic imaging of mantle convective processes, as well as numerical modeling.
This session will provide rich opportunities for presenters and attendees from a range of disciplines, demographics, and stages of their scientific career to engage in this exciting and multidisciplinary problem in Earth science.

Mantle convection is a fundamental process of the Earth. Direct observations of this process are obtained through a variety of multiscale methods. They may provide constrains to estimate fundamental parameters for the Earth mantle structure (e.g., viscosity, density and temperature). Seismic imaging and gravity data, for instance, provide a snapshot of processes occurring in the present-day mantle. Geochemical analysis of trace elements can be used to estimate temperature and depths of melt generation. Histories of large scale horizontal and vertical lithosphere motion recorded in the stratigraphic data hold important information on the evolving mantle bouyancies. Altogether these classes of observations would provide powerful constraints for geodynamic forward and inverse models of past mantle convection.
This session aims to provide a holistic view of the Earth mantle and their evolution through time. We welcome contributions from seismic tomography, anisotropy studies, geochemistry, plate kinematics, structural geology and theoretical models that address questions surrounding Earth’s mantle an its evolution in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic times. Studies using a multidisciplinary approach are particularly encouraged.

Dynamical processes shape the Earth and other rocky planets throughout their history; their present state is a result of this long-term evolution. Early on, processes and lifetimes of magma oceans establish the initial conditions for their long-term development; subsequently their long-term evolution is shaped by the dynamics of the mantle-lithosphere system, compositional differentiation or mixing, possible core-mantle reactions, etc.. These processes can be interrogated through observations of the rock record, geochemistry, seismology, gravity, magnetism and planetary remote sensing all linked through geodynamical modelling constrained by physical properties of relevant phases.

This session aims to provide a holistic view of the dynamics, tectonics, structure, composition and evolution of Earth and rocky planetary bodies (including exoplanets) on temporal scales ranging from the present day to billions of years, and on spatial scales ranging from microscopic to global, by bringing together constraints from geodynamics, seismology, mineral physics, geochemistry, petrology, volcanology, planetary science and astronomy.

Subduction is a dynamic process that drives and maintains plate tectonics, recycling the lithosphere and shaping Earth’s long-term evolution. Subduction zones are responsible for a large proportion of Earth’s volcanism and seismicity, where complex interactions between the subducting slab and the overriding plate occur. Observations from geophysics, geology, and geodesy have revealed intricate slab geometries and mantle flow patterns, linking subduction dynamics directly to surface deformation and hazards. Geochemical studies of volcanic arcs provide further insights into the chemical and thermal processes at play at the slab surface and within the mantle wedge, underscoring subduction's uniqueness among terrestrial planets and its implications for planetary evolution and habitability.

Recent advances in numerical and laboratory modeling have enhanced our understanding of subduction zone processes. However, challenges remain in achieving a consistent picture of the controlling parameters of subduction dynamics. Variations in methodologies, model setups, and input assumptions often lead to contrasting conclusions across geochemical, geodetic, tectonic, and modelling studies.

This session focuses on the dynamics of subduction zones from processes occurring at the Earth’s surface to interactions deep within the mantle, and on the physical mechanisms that control deformation and magmatism in the overriding plate. Topics include, but are not limited to: subduction geometry, kinematics, and dynamics; mineralogical processes in subduction; dynamics, generation and migration of fluids and melts; controls on volcanic arcs; subduction-induced seismicity; role of sediments and volatiles; influence of subducting seamounts, LIPs and ridges; links between surface tectonics, slab dynamics and mantle flow; slab delamination and break-off; imaging subduction processes; and the role of subduction dynamics in the supercontinent cycle.

We invite contributions from across disciplines — including geodynamics, geophysics, geochemistry, petrology, volcanology and seismology — to discuss subduction dynamics at all scales from the surface to the lower mantle, in both present-day and ancient natural laboratories. We particularly encourage integrative studies that bridge observations, models and scales. While the session is Earth-focused, we also welcome contributions that place subduction in a broader planetary perspective.

This session brings together geoscientists investigating subduction zone processes along the western margin of the Americas from diverse perspectives. We welcome contributions focused on active deformation, seismicity, magmatism, and fluid dynamics, as well as studies addressing the long-term tectonic and geological record of mountain building, basin evolution, and margin reorganization. By integrating short-term observations with long-term reconstructions, this session aims to foster a multidisciplinary dialogue that advances our understanding of one of Earth’s most dynamic and long-lived convergent margins.

Many regions of the Earth, from crust to core, exhibit anisotropic fabrics which can reveal much about geodynamic processes in the subsurface. These fabrics can exist at a variety of scales, from crystallographic orientations to regional structure alignments. In the past few decades, a tremendous body of multidisciplinary research has been dedicated to characterizing anisotropy in the solid Earth and understanding its geodynamical implications. This has included work in fields such as: (1) geophysics, to make in situ observations and construct models of anisotropic properties at a range of depths; (2) mineral physics, to explain the cause of some of these observations; and (3) numerical modelling, to relate the inferred fabrics to regional stress and flow regimes and, thus, geodynamic processes in the Earth. The study of anisotropy in the Solid Earth encompasses topics so diverse that it often appears fragmented according to regions of interest, e.g., the upper or lower crust, oceanic lithosphere, continental lithosphere, cratons, subduction zones, D'', or the inner core. The aim of this session is to bring together scientists working on different aspects of mechanical anisotropy to provide a comprehensive overview of the field. We encourage contributions from all disciplines of the earth sciences (including mineral physics, seismology, magnetotellurics, geodynamic modelling) focused on mechanical anisotropy at all scales and depths within the Earth.

The structure, dynamics, and history of iron-bearing planetary cores are critical to constrain the evolution of Earth and other planets. Seismological observations provide a picture of the core as it is today, with an increasing body of observations and data processing techniques offering new avenues to study the core on Earth, but also other bodies such as Mars. Additional information can be deduced from high pressure mineral physics which can help in understanding the underlying effects of composition, chemical, and crystalline structure on the core as it is today or during its evolution since the formation of the Earth. Finally, models of formation, dynamics, and heat transport and evolution can be built and combine observational constrains to help our understanding of the structure, dynamics, and history of planetary cores. In this session, we welcome contributions from all disciplines to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of planetary cores from disciplines including seismology, mineral physics, geochemistry, magnetism, gravity, dynamics or other related fields.

The Earth’s magnetic field is produced by dynamo action in the liquid iron core, which has profound influence on our habitable planet. One of the most striking manifestations of the geodynamo are complete reversals of the dipole. Numerical simulations indicate that the lower mantle has a manifold impact on the dynamo whereby the absolute value and pattern of the heat flux through the core-mantle boundary affects the field strength, field geometry and reversal rate. However, neither the structure and the long-term evolution of the lower mantle and the core, nor the coupling between the two, are well understood. Moreover, field strength and reversal rate likely influence the survival and evolution of magnetoreceptive organisms, especially magnetotatic bacteria. We invite contributions that aim at understanding the long-term evolution of the geomagnetic field and Earth's core dynamics, deep mantle dynamics and its influence on the geodynamo. This interdisciplinary session aims to bring together paleomagnetists, seismologists, dynamo modellers, mantle dynamicists, mineral physicists, and biologists.

The global transition towards sustainable energy and green technology is reliant on critical resources -- such as geothermal energy sources and mineral deposits. To maintain and accelerate progress, we require an improved understanding of: (i) how and where these resources arise; (ii) techniques to identify, characterise and constrain prospective locations; and (iii) strategies for effective, sustainable and low-impact resource development. Addressing any of these questions requires advances in our ability to simulate a wide range of geological processes, and in our capacity to generate actionable insights from these models in combination with complex, uncertain observational datasets.

This session focusses on the computational and methodological developments necessary for progress towards more sustainable energy. We welcome submissions that address a diverse range of topics -- including simulation e.g. of themo-chemical flow processes, subsurface imaging, data fusion and AI -- with their application to critical resources as a unifying theme.

Drones are increasingly being used in geophysical surveys thanks to their flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and ability to operate in otherwise inaccessible or hazardous areas. This session will focus on recent advances, applications, and challenges in drone-based geophysics, including both fixed-wing and rotary-wing platforms. Contributions are welcome on novel sensor developments, data acquisition strategies, processing workflows, and case studies across disciplines such as magnetics, electromagnetics, gravity, ground-penetrating radar, seismics, and remote sensing. We also encourage interdisciplinary works that integrate drone geophysics with geological, environmental, or engineering applications.
This session aims to bring together researchers, practitioners, and industry to discuss opportunities and limitations of UAV-based geophysical methods, foster collaborations, and highlight emerging trends shaping the future of applied geosciences.

In recent years, technologies based on Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as image processing, smart sensors, and intelligent inversion, have garnered significant attention from researchers in the geosciences community. These technologies offer the promise of transitioning geosciences from qualitative to quantitative analysis, unlocking new insights and capabilities previously thought unattainable.
One of the key reasons for the growing popularity of AI in geosciences is its unparalleled ability to efficiently analyze vast datasets within remarkably short timeframes. This capability empowers scientists and researchers to tackle some of the most intricate and challenging issues in fields like Geophysics, Seismology, Hydrology, Planetary Science, Remote Sensing, and Disaster Risk Reduction.
As we stand on the cusp of a new era in geosciences, the integration of artificial intelligence promises to deliver more accurate estimations, efficient predictions, and innovative solutions. By leveraging algorithms and machine learning, AI empowers geoscientists to uncover intricate patterns and relationships within complex data sources, ultimately advancing our understanding of the Earth's dynamic systems. In essence, artificial intelligence has become an indispensable tool in the pursuit of quantitative precision and deeper insights in the fascinating world of geosciences.
For this reason, aim of this session is to explore new advances and approaches of AI in Geosciences.

Environmental seismology has matured into a key discipline for exploring Earth surface dynamics across a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. Physical, chemical, and biological processes leave measurable imprints in seismic records, whether as discrete events or continuous signatures. Seismic methods are increasingly refined to capture these signals with high resolution, scalable deployment, and integration across diverse observational platforms.
As a community of geomorphologists, geophysicists, glaciologists, hydrologists, volcanologists, engineers, and ecologists, we advance theory, develop methods, and apply seismic observations to pressing questions in Earth surface research and natural hazards.
We invite contributions on methodological and theoretical developments, field and laboratory experiments, and innovative applications. We particularly welcome work that combines seismic observations with complementary data streams (e.g., remote sensing, in-situ monitoring, fiber-optic networks, or meteorological records), as well as studies leveraging data-intensive approaches (e.g., large-scale arrays, distributed acoustic sensing, machine learning, physics-informed modeling).
We anticipate a lively discussion on current challenges in understanding Earth surface processes, opportunities for community-based research and open data initiatives, and the role of seismic methods in addressing urgent questions related to climate change, natural hazard resilience, and coupled Earth system dynamics.
Topical keywords: erosion, landslide, rockfall, debris flow, granular flow, fracturing, stress, snow avalanche, icequake, calving, subglacial processes, karst, bedload, flood, GLOF, early warning, coastal processes, tsunami, eruption, tremor, turbidity current, groundwater, soil moisture, dv/v, noise, HVSR, array, DAS, infrasound, machine learning, classification, signal processing, physics-informed modeling, multi-sensor integration, open data.

Seismic and infrasound observations are essential for monitoring and understanding volcanic systems, providing complementary constraints on subsurface dynamics, eruptive processes, and atmospheric interactions. However, the interpretation of these data is challenging: volcanic heterogeneity, steep topography, and atmospheric variability significantly distort both seismic and acoustic signals, while diverse source mechanisms—from magma migration to explosive eruptions—produce a wide range of waveforms that remain difficult to understand comprehensively. These complexities demand high-resolution imaging, advanced source inversion strategies, and integrated analyses that leverage both seismic and acoustic datasets.
This session invites contributions from researchers in volcano seismology, infrasound, and related fields, focusing on (i) seismicity and infrasound catalogues and their spatio-temporal evolution, (ii) wave propagation, scattering, and atmospheric effects, (iii) high-resolution imaging of volcanic structures, (iv) joint seismic–acoustic source inversions, and (v) time-lapse monitoring and forecasting. Studies on geothermal analogues, novel instrumentation, and emerging analysis methodologies (e.g., machine learning) are also welcome. By fostering cross-disciplinary dialogue between seismologists, acoustic specialists, and numerical modellers, this session aims to highlight recent advances and key challenges in characterizing volcanic processes and improving hazard assessment

Landslides and slope instabilities represent significant global hazards, causing substantial damage and loss of life annually. Despite this impact, the fundamental triggering mechanisms remain a key area of ongoing research. Landslide-prone areas and slope instabilities are characterized by complex, heterogeneous subsurface properties and dynamic processes operating across a wide range of timescales – from seconds to decades – and spatial scales – from grain size to slope dimensions. Effectively identifying and predicting instability processes and ultimately failure requires innovative approaches that account for these wide temporal and spatial variabilities.

This session seeks contributions presenting novel methods,emerging trends, and case studies in landslide and slope instability reconnaissance, monitoring, and early warning. We particularly encourage submissions showcasing the integration of geophysical, geotechnical, geological, and remote sensing data to build a landslide model able to characterize the landslide architecture and track its evolution.

We especially invite abstracts demonstrating:

• Multi-method approaches combining geophysical, geotechnical, and remote sensing techniques.
• Applications of machine learning to landslide hazard assessment and prediction.
• Time-lapse geophysical surveys for monitoring subsurface changes.
• Determination of geomechanical parameters through integrated geological (e.g., borehole data, geotechnical surveys) and geophysical studies.

Recognizing the cross-disciplinary nature of this challenge, we welcome contributions addressing a broad range of slope instability types, including avalanches, natural and engineered slopes, and climate-induced failures.

Recent advances in physical and statistical modelling based on seismicity patterns provide new insights into the preparation of large earthquakes and the temporal, spatial, and magnitude evolution of seismicity.
Improvements in monitoring technologies now deliver seismic data of unprecedented quality and quantity. Earthquake catalogues are more complete and accurate than ever, and many are now publicly available, enabling analysing understudied regions and expanding global knowledge. New-generation catalogues, sometimes compiled with machine learning, reveal seismicity structures in ways not previously possible.
Additionaly, geodetic, geological, and geochemical data, fluid analyses, laboratory experiments, and earthquake simulators generating synthetic catalogues help refine models and test hypotheses. Integrating such multidisciplinary perspectives enhances our understanding of earthquake generation.
To exploit these datasets, statistical approaches and machine learning are essential. These tools uncover hidden relationships and clustering, and address challenges of data inhomogeneity, paving the way for deeper understanding and robust forecasting.
We invite contributions on developments in physical and statistical modelling and machine learning, including:
• Spatial, temporal, and magnitude properties of earthquake statistics
• Earthquake clustering analyses
• Effects of fluid diffusion and geodetic deformation on seismicity
• Physical and statistical models, including for understudied regions (e.g., Africa, Southeast Asia)
• Quantitative testing of models
• Data requirements and analyses for validation
• Machine learning applied to seismic data
• Uncertainty quantification in pattern recognition and machine learning
• Reliability and completeness of catalogues
• Time-dependent hazard assessment
• Software and methods for earthquake forecasting

Understanding the processes controlling landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis requires utilizing natural experiments and integrated models to identify and isolate controlling factors. Subduction zone hazards often occur as a

cascading series of events, requiring a system wide and integrative approach to understand. How do climate and tectonics interact to determine the susceptibility to landslides? What is the relative importance of magma supply and crustal faulting in controlling eruptive frequency? Are the size and location of earthquakes affected by structural boundaries? How do cascading sequences of events impact
subduction zone hazards? These and other geohazard questions can be addressed by studying behaviors across subduction zones. We invite contributions that use the power of comparison across multiple subduction zones to develop new insights. SZ4D is a community-driven initiative for a long-term, interdisciplinary research program to define the limits and possibilities of predicting geohazards. Observational, theoretical and laboratory studies comparing the SZ4D focus areas of Cascadia, Alaska and Chile are particularly welcome.

The frequency and magnitude of hazards have significantly over the years, and mountains are the most vulnerable for a series of hazards from avalanches, landslides to glacial lake outburst floods. However, there are significant differences in communicating the growing threats of these hazards in mountain regions.
This session focuses on how the vulnerabilities and risks of multi-hazards are communicated to the mountain communities to mitigate cascades including lives, livelihoods and economic losses, drawing particular attention to the most recent cascades in the Blatten valley in Switzerland, Dharali, Chamoli, Sikkim in India, floods in Pakistan and earthquake in Afghanistan.

True multi-hazard analysis captures cascading and compounding interactions—rather than stacking independent layers (e.g., earthquakes triggering landslides; floods amplifying post-wildfire erosion; climate and geohazard interactions). Current practice remains overlay-based, black-box, static, siloed, and point-predictive. This session spotlights AI that encodes physics-based interactions, is interpretable and uncertainty-aware, learns continually, future projections, overcomes data scarcity via transfer learning and simulation, enables federated multi-agent operations, and fuses multimodal foundation models for time–space integration.

We invite contributions that implement and validate:
1. Higher-order interaction modeling (hypergraphs, attention, Physics-Informed Neural Networks) with explicit cascade activation/propagation rules.
2. Interpretable architectures with process-consistent explanations.
3. Dynamic Bayesian networks with online learning for non-stationary hazards.
4. Forecasting integrating projected climate, land use, and topography changes.
5. Transfer/zero/few-shot learning and physics-constrained generative simulation for sparse cascades; calibrated adaptation.
6. Federated multi-agent learning with privacy-preserving aggregation for cross-agency model updates.
7. Uncertainty-aware decision support with probabilistic ensembles, cascade-aware uncertainty propagation, decision-centric intervals.
8. Multimodal foundation models unifying digital elevation models, InSAR, seismic, hydrometeorology, and other data sources.
9. Infrastructure cascade vulnerability analysis via dependency graphs and higher-order networks with intervention prioritization.

We welcome susceptibility; nowcasting/forecasting/early-warning systems; quantitative risk for applications spanning but not limited to earthquake-induced cascades, flood-induced cascades, climate-driven sequences, and earthquake-flood compounded landslides.

Natural fault zones are structurally complex systems, comprise fractures and faults of millimeters to hundreds of kilometers in length, and may generate aseismic slip and earthquakes over many orders of magnitude. How the elastic strain potential energy is released on a fault or across a fault system during slip is dictated by both on- and off-fault processes operating over a wide range of spatiotemporal scales. Understanding how effectively our current approaches quantify fault loading and strain release requires integrating a variety of approaches from microscopic to regional length scales and over time scales ranging from fractions of seconds during coseismic slip to thousands of years during the seismic cycle. This session solicits a wide range of contributions, including, but not limited to, multiphysics modeling, laboratory experiments, geological, geodetic, and seismological observations of tectonic or induced earthquakes, with work considering the partitioning of energy in diffuse or localized deformation.

Continental rifting is a complex process spanning from the inception of extension to continental rupture or the formation of a failed rift. This session aims to combine new data, concepts and techniques elucidating the structure and dynamics of rifts and rifted margins. We invite submissions addressing the time-dependent evolution of processes such as faults and ductile shear zones development, tectonic and sedimentary history, magma migration, storage and volcanism, lithospheric necking and rift strength loss, influence of the pre-rift lithospheric structure, rift kinematics and plate motion, mantle flow and dynamic topography, as well as break-up and the transition to seafloor spreading. We encourage contributions using multi-disciplinary and innovative methods from field geology, geochronology, geochemistry, petrology, seismology, geodesy, marine geophysics, plate reconstruction, or numerical or analogue modelling. Emphasis will be given to presentations that bridge spatial and temporal scales and integrate insights from active rifts, passive margins, and failed rift arms.

The session invites contributions that expand a broad spectrum of processes and time and space scales. We invite studies that investigate the forces leading to the initiation of rifting, the evolution of the modes of extension of the lithosphere, the gradual localisation and time and space migration of the deformation, or the relative importance between magmatic and tectonics in their interplay. These are all processes inadequately understood and often summarised by conceptual end-member models. The time and space evolution from continental rifting to the formation of the transition to an oceanic system, the nucleation of spreading cells and spreading segments, although locally described, are not yet linked to well defined processes. Further, we encourage contributions on the 3D interaction between seafloor spreading and rifting, the role of spreading center propagation and ridge jumps, again all interpreted in some regions, but their significance is still not incorporated in models. Likewise, a better understanding of the time scale of currently active processes, from earthquake rupture to magma chamber evolution, have implications for understanding changes trough longer-scale time. Thus, we also welcome contributions that use comparatively short-term studies, to investigate the styles and rates of processes during the evolution of large-scale Earth systems.

Every year brings new observations about earthquakes with a level of detail never reached before. In parallel, observational and computational methods keep improving significantly in seismology, geodesy, and in paleoseismology-geomorphology. Hence, on one hand, the number of earthquakes with well-documented rupture processes and deformation patterns is increasing. On the other hand, the number of studies documenting long time series of past earthquakes, including quantification of past deformation, has also increased. In parallel, the modeling community working on rupture dynamics, including earthquake cycle, is also making significant progress. Thus, this session is the opportunity to bring together these different contributions to foster further collaboration between the different groups all focusing on the same objective of integrating earthquake processes into the earthquake cycle framework. In this session, we welcome contributions documenting earthquake ruptures and processes, both for ancient events or more recent ones, such as the 2023 Turkey sequence, the 2025 Myanmar earthquake, or the 2025 Kamchatka M 8.8 earthquake, from seismological, geodetic, or paleoseismological perspectives. Work combining different approaches is particularly welcome, as are contributions documenting deformation during pre-, post-, or interseismic periods, which are highly relevant to understanding earthquake cycles. Finally, we seek contributions looking at the earthquake cycle from the modeling perspective, both numerical or analogue, especially including approaches that mix data and modeling.

We are looking for studies that investigate how tectonic plates move, how this movement is accommodated in deformation zones, and how elastic strain builds up and is released along faults and at plate boundaries. These studies should combine space- or sea-floor geodesy with observations like seismicity, geological slip-rates and rakes or sea-level and gravity changes.

How to best reference relative InSAR rate tiles to a plate? How can we infer the likelihood of future earthquakes from elastic strain buildup? How persistent are fault asperities over multiple earthquake cycles? Are paleoseismic fault slip rates identical to those constrained by geodesy? What portion of plate motion results in earthquakes, and where does the rest go? How do mountains grow? How well can we constrain the stresses that drive the observed deformation? How much do the nearly constant velocities of plates vary during the earthquake cycle, and does this influence the definition of Earth's reference frame?

We seek studies using space and sea floor geodetic data that focus on plate motion, deformation zones, and the earthquake cycle. Key questions include earthquake likelihood, fault slip-rates, uplift rates, non-elastic strain, and sea-level changes.

How can we identify active faults when surface evidence is limited or ambiguous? Which strategies best capture their geometry and kinematics from the surface to seismogenic depths? How can present-day deformation be linked to long-term tectonics, and how can emerging technologies and big data reduce uncertainties in seismotectonic models?
These key questions guide this session. Characterizing active faults structurally and dynamically is challenging because geological, seismological, geophysical, and geodetic observations are often fragmented, scale-dependent, or indirect. This leads to major uncertainties in fault geometry, slip behavior, and related stress and strain fields, especially where direct evidence is scarce. To address these challenges, we invite researchers engaged in fieldwork, seismological and geophysical imaging, geodetic monitoring, modelling, and data-driven approaches to share insights. Bringing together diverse expertise will foster cross-disciplinary discussion and highlight strategies for advancing seismotectonic models. High-resolution field investigations, geophysical and seismological imaging, satellite-based deformation monitoring, and numerical or analogue modelling provide complementary perspectives. Alongside these, artificial intelligence—including machine learning and generative models—offers powerful ways to identify patterns, bridge data gaps, and improve the reliability of seismotectonic interpretations.
We welcome contributions on (but not limited to):
-geological and structural investigations of active faults, including volcanic settings;
-innovative, multidisciplinary approaches integrating geology, seismology, and geophysics;
-development and integration of new or updated datasets, from field observations to remote sensing;
-fault imaging, tectonic analysis, and construction of 3D/4D seismotectonic models;
-numerical and analogue modelling of fault systems and tectonic processes;
-studies comparing seismicity, fault characteristics, and seismotectonic interpretations;
-applications of big data, artificial intelligence, and deep learning in tectonic and seismic research, including advances using AI and generative models to extract, simulate, or enhance seismotectonic signals.
By encouraging open, collaborative exchange, this session aims to advance our capacity to recognize, model, and understand active fault systems, ultimately supporting the development of robust, integrative seismotectonic frameworks.

Seismicity and deformation in subduction and collisional settings result from diverse interacting processes operating over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Subduction zones, which account for 90% of the global seismic moment release, host a spectrum of earthquakes from shallow megathrust and overriding-plate events to intermediate- and deep events, while collisional settings show distributed faulting and complex interactions between shortening, strike-slip and extensional deformation. In both settings, the role of stress transfer, fluids and lithospheric structure remains central questions in understanding earthquake occurrence.
This session invites interdisciplinary contributions that address the mechanics controlling seismicity and fault deformation in subduction and collisional settings. We welcome studies that integrate seismological, geodetic, and modelling approaches to address key questions including: (i) what physical processes control seismicity patterns and fault behaviour across different depths and tectonic settings?; (ii) How do stress interactions, rheology, fluids, climate and surface processes drive the spatial and temporal evolution of seismicity?; (iii) How can multi-scale observations, from high-resolution geophysics to paleoseismology, improve our understanding of active fault systems and short- to long-term seismic hazard assessments?
By bridging insights from different convergent margins, this session aims to advance our understanding of earthquake generation and the factors shaping seismic hazard worldwide.

The Eastern Mediterranean is one of the most tectonically active regions on the earth, shaped by the complex interaction of the African, Arabian, and Eurasian plates. Its geodynamic evolution involves subduction, collision, strike-slip faulting, crustal block extrusion, and slab deformation. These processes generate a natural laboratory to investigate how lithospheric deformation is driven and accommodated across spatial and temporal scales.

The region hosts major continental transform faults, including the North Anatolian, East Anatolian and Dead Sea Faults, along with the Hellenic Arc, all of which have produced devastating earthquakes both in historical times and in the recent past. The interplay between shallow fault activity and deep-seated mantle processes remains a matter of debate, and recent destructive earthquakes have emphasized how critical it is to improve comprehension of seismic cycle and the geodynamic process that controls it.

This session welcomes multidisciplinary contributions — including neotectonics, seismology, tectonic geodesy (e.g. GNSS, InSAR), paleoseismology, tectonic geomorphology, structural geology, remote sensing, and geodynamic modelling — to advance our understanding of active tectonics and geodynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean. We particularly encourage submissions from early career researchers.

In the past two decades, unexpected and impactful moderate magnitude co-seismic surface rupturing earthquakes occurred in intraplate and low strain regions in Europe, North America, and Australia. Potential active and seismogenic structures in these regions have been frequently overlooked despite capable of hosting moderate-size to large damaging earthquakes. Poorly characterized fault Quaternary activity and seismogenic assessment are conditioned by long recurrence periods, frequently by a lack of Quaternary sediments, and sparse seismic and geodetic networks. Furthermore, older fault systems at these settings prone to reactivation favor active wide fault zones with distributed deformation within a previous deformed bedrock, masking subtle Quaternary deformation. Analyses and investigations for long-term deformation may be useful to recognize a built-in imprint of subtle deformation through time, and to corroborate tectonic activity, but these are under-utilized for seismic hazard analyses, which usually focus on shorter time scales. Evidence for long-term deformation analyses can be provided through geomorphic analyses and detailed geologic and paleoseismologic studies combined with geochronology and geophysical data. All of them may help to constrain regions with seismogenic potential or to reveal Quaternary cryptic structures and distributed Quaternary deformation. Short-term activity and deformation can be investigated using dense local seismic networks, which may further help to associate local instrumental seismicity with faults localization. Depending on the strain and period of observation, remote sensing and geodesy may also highlight noteworthy regions.

In this session, we welcome studies that focus on intraplate deformation using and/or testing methods to investigate surface and sub-surface evidence of Quaternary tectonic deformation and seismic sources characterization. These methods include but are not limited to geology, geomorphology, paleoseismology, geochronology, geophysics, observational/statistical seismology, seismic tomography, and remote sensing/geodesy. We encourage studies on indirect evidence of regional seismicity such as liquefaction, deformed stalactites, and patterns of regional landsliding.