Understanding the processes shaping our planet is the main goal of Geosciences. Fluid, melt and mineral inclusions offer an invaluable contribution, allowing to directly study unreachable portions of Earth’s interior. Besides constraining pressure, temperature and oxygen fugacity conditions at the time of their formation, inclusions can provide innumerable geochemical information, shedding light on fluid and melt sources, chemistry, physical state, migration and interactions occurring from sedimentary and magmatic environments to orogenic belts, subduction zones and deep into Earth’s mantle. The recent development of high-resolution analytical techniques, such as Raman microspectroscopy, microthermometry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray and electron diffraction, microtomography, microfluorescence and mass spectroscopy, has allowed to obtain an unprecedented level of details from micro- to nano-scale, highlighting features never observed so far and opening new scenarios in Earth’s dynamics.
This session aims to host contributions on innovative studies about fluid, melt and mineral inclusions and relationships with their host mineral phases from any field of Geosciences, spanning from magmatism, metamorphism and deep mantle dynamics to palaeoclimatology and sedimentary processes, oil & gas and ore deposits. We welcome contributions presenting innovative and advanced tools to investigate natural samples and experimental studies. Early career researchers are strongly encouraged to present their research work.

This session is open to all contributions in biogeochemistry and ecology where stable isotope techniques are used as analytical tools, with foci both on stable isotopes of light elements (C, H, O, N, S, …) and new systems (clumped and metal isotopes). We welcome studies from both terrestrial and marine, aquatic and sedimentary environments as well as methodological, experimental and theoretical studies that introduce new approaches or techniques (including natural abundance work, labeling studies, modeling).
 Results from the successful EGU session that took place earlier have been published in several special issues of Organic Geochemistry and Isotopes in Environmental & Health Studies.

Sitting under a tree, you feel the spark of an idea, and suddenly everything falls into place. The following days and tests confirm: you have made a magnificent discovery — so the classical story of scientific genius goes…

But science as a human activity is error-prone, and might be more adequately described as "trial and error". Handling mistakes and setbacks is therefore a key skill of scientists. Yet, we publish only those parts of our research that did work. That is also because a study may have better chances to be accepted for scientific publication if it confirms an accepted theory or reaches a positive result (publication bias). Conversely, the cases that fail in their test of a new method or idea often end up in a drawer (which is why publication bias is also sometimes called the "file drawer effect"). This is potentially a waste of time and resources within our community, as other scientists may set about testing the same idea or model setup without being aware of previous failed attempts.

Thus, we want to turn the story around, and ask you to share 1) those ideas that seemed magnificent but turned out not to be, and 2) the errors, bugs, and mistakes in your work that made the scientific road bumpy. In the spirit of open science and in an interdisciplinary setting, we want to bring the BUGS out of the drawers and into the spotlight. What ideas were torn down or did not work, and what concepts survived in the ashes or were robust despite errors?

We explicitly solicit Blunders, Unexpected Glitches, and Surprises (BUGS) from modeling and field or lab experiments and from all disciplines of the Geosciences.

In a friendly atmosphere, we will learn from each other’s mistakes, understand the impact of errors and abandoned paths on our work, give each other ideas for shared problems, and generate new insights for our science or scientific practice.

Here are some ideas for contributions that we would love to see:
- Ideas that sounded good at first, but turned out to not work.
- Results that presented themselves as great in the first place but turned out to be caused by a bug or measurement error.
- Errors and slip-ups that resulted in insights.
- Failed experiments and negative results.
- Obstacles and dead ends you found and would like to warn others about.

For inspiration, see last year's collection of BUGS - ranging from clay bricks to atmospheric temperature extremes - at https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/52496.

Mineralogy is the cornerstone of many disciplines and is used to solve a wide range of questions in geoscience. This broad session offers the opportunity to explore the diversity of methods and approaches used to study minerals and their inclusions, and how minerals behave and evolve in their many contexts. Also, we will address issues that involve the use and development of spectroscopic techniques and the relevant ab initio simulations beyond current applications in metamorphic and magmatic petrology applied to the Earth and other planetary bodies.
We welcome contributions on all aspects of mineralogy, including environmental, soil science, metamorphic, plutonic, deep Earth, planetary, applied mineralogy, and so on. All approaches are welcome: analytical, experimental and theoretical.

Geochronology provides the temporal framework for the study of geologic processes, allowing us to quantify the timing, rates, and durations of the processes that shape our planet. Improvements on well-established techniques, in conjunction with new methodologies and capabilities, continue to provide greater levels of detail and complexity in geochronological investigations. Consequently, geochronological studies are blooming in a variety of fields and in many cases revolutionise our understanding of fundamental natural processes.
With this session, we aim to provide a platform to discuss 1) advances in a broad spectrum of geochronological methods (sample preparation, analytical techniques, innovative data reduction strategies, and interpretational and modelling approaches) and 2) applications of such methods to a variety of problems covering a multitude of temporal and spatial scales across the broader spectrum of Earth Sciences. We particularly encourage presentations of novel and unconventional applications or attempts to develop new geochronometers.

Visualisation is at the heart of geoscience: it enables us to see patterns, identify structures, and make sense of complex systems. With the rapid development of microscopy tools and correlative imaging methods, researchers can now work with increasingly large and high-dimensional datasets across scales and techniques. This session is dedicated to exploring how 2D, 3D, and 4D visualisation and correlation approaches can be used to connect information from different instruments, resolutions, and workflows. Topics include high-throughput data handling, software tools for advanced visualisation and methods for correlating multiple datasets. Contributions may range from novel workflows and case studies to discussions of challenges and opportunities in managing complexity, ensuring accessibility, and enabling broader use of visualisation and correlation in geoscience. This session provides an opportunity to share practices and solutions that help turn “more data” into deeper understanding.

Understanding rock deformation requires zooming into the finest details of mineral fabrics down to the nanoscale. Electron and X-ray microscopy performed with laboratory instruments or synchrotrons provides a wide range of imaging techniques in real space (e.g., micro-tomography, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, backscattered- and secondary-electron microscopy, ptychography) and reciprocal space (electron-backscatter diffraction, transmission micro-XRD, small-angle X-ray scattering). This session welcomes studies that use these cutting-edge analytical techniques to investigate strain localization, fluid–rock/mineral interactions, and the links between nano(geo)sciences- to regional-scale deformation across the Earth’s crust. We particularly encourage contributions that integrate such high-resolution datasets with natural observations, experimental techniques and numerical modelling.

Magmatic processes play a primary role in shaping the Earth's outermost layer. These processes include the formation of magma storage zones, involving crystal mush, and their subsequent magmatic out-flux driven host-rock deformations. A rigorous understanding of melt transport mechanisms has stimulated a substantial body of research focused on elucidating how the coupled rheologies of magma and host rocks control the geometry and evolution of magmatic pathways. Traditional models have often represented magma as a Newtonian fluid. However, recent studies demonstrate that magmas commonly exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, where strain rate, crystal fraction, bubble content, and shear localization critically influence the effective viscosity. Similarly, host rocks respond to magma emplacement through complex viscoelastic to viscoelasto-plastic processes, incorporating creep, fracturing, and progressive damage accumulation. Interplay between these contrasting rheological regimes produces a wide spectrum of intrusive geometries, ranging from tabular to irregular, non-tabular conduits and batholiths. Theoretical and experimental prediction of these geometries under specific magma–wall-rock rheological combinations, coupled with the understanding of magma storage and transport mechanisms remain a central challenge. Therefore, the field is moving toward a comprehensive understanding of magma transport from source to surface, with particular emphasis on the role of crustal rheology in controlling emplacement patterns, influencing the resulting surface deformation. This session seeks to highlight innovative approaches and advanced modeling strategies that can be employed to investigate magmatic systems, with particular emphasis on the fundamental processes governing magma storage, melt transport, emplacement mechanisms, host-rock response and associated surface deformation. We invite contributions from a broad spectrum of disciplines, encompassing field-based investigations, InSAR and remote-sensing techniques, seismicity and seismic imaging, gravity and electromagnetic studies, as well as analogue, numerical, and thermal modeling. In addition, we welcome studies focusing on the applications of AI and machine learning in understanding magmatic processes. Our final goal is to foster an integrated discussion about magma dynamics and related processes by bridging field and remote-sensing observations with theoretical frameworks and experimental constraints.

Dissolution, precipitation and chemical reactions between infiltrating fluid and the rock matrix alter the composition and structure of the rock, either creating or destroying flow paths. Strong, nonlinear couplings between the chemical reactions at mineral surfaces and fluid motion in the pores often lead to the formation of large-scale patterns: networks of caves and sinkholes in karst areas, wormholes induced by the acidization of petroleum wells, porous channels created as magma rises through peridotite rocks. Dissolution and precipitation processes are also relevant in many industrial applications: carbon storage or mineralization, oil and gas recovery, sustaining fluid circulation in geothermal systems, the long-term geochemical evolution of host rock in nuclear waste repositories or mitigating the spread of contaminants in groundwater.

With the advent of modern experimental techniques, these processes can now be studied at the microscale, with a direct visualization of the evolving pore geometry, allowing exploration of the coupling between the pore-scale processes and macroscopic patterns. On the other hand, increased computational power and algorithmic improvements now make it possible to simulate laboratory-scale flows while still resolving the flow and transport processes at the pore scale.

We invite contributions that seek a deeper understanding of reactive flow processes through interdisciplinary work combining experiments or field observations with theoretical or computational modeling. We seek submissions covering a wide range of spatial and temporal scales: from table-top experiments and pore-scale numerical models to the hydrological and geomorphological modelling at the field scale.

Minerals are formed in great diversity under Earth surface conditions, as skeletons, microbialites, speleothems, or authigenic cements, and they preserve a wealth of geochemical, biological, mineralogical, and isotopic information, providing valuable archives of past environmental conditions. Interpretion of these archives requires fundamental understanding of fluid-rock interaction processes, but also insights from the geological record.

In this session we welcome oral and poster presentations from a wide range of research of topics, including process-oriented studies in modern systems, the ancient rock record, experiments, computer simulations, and high-resolution microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. We intend to reach a wide community of researchers sharing the common goal of improving our understanding of the fundamental processes underlying mineral formation, which is essential to read our Earth’s geological archive.

Fluid-rock interactions of ultramafic rocks in the subsurface have a substantial potential for large-scale CO2 storage by long-term mineralization, are a source of natural H2 resources, and play an important role in the formation of various critical ore deposits (e.g. Ni, Co). Understanding the underlying processes is therefore highly relevant for climate crisis mitigation and the energy transition. The coupled chemical, hydrological and mechanical feedbacks and the interplay between dynamic changes in pH, redox conditions and critical metal mobility during these interactions are not yet fully understood. We cordially invite contributions that advance our understanding of the conditions, mechanisms and rates of CO2 mineralization, H2 generation and element mobility during fluid-rock interactions in peridotites and serpentinites from microscopic to industrial and tectonic scales, including studies of natural analogues, field surveys, pilot injection sites, laboratory experiments and theoretical simulations.

Fluid-rock interactions play a pivotal role in shaping crustal dynamics and influencing subsurface engineering processes. From the shallow sedimentary rocks down to the deep magmatic and metamorphic rocks, fluids govern aspects such as deformation localization, earthquake genesis, and the emergence of metamorphic reactions and rheological weakening. In most cases, there is a dynamic feedback between fluids, deformation and metamorphism at all scales. Fluids are critical not only for creating robust models of the solid Earth but also for advancing subsurface engineering endeavors like geothermal energy recovery, hydrogen storage and extraction as well as permanent carbon storage.
As we navigate through the ongoing energy transition, enhancing these interactions for maximum geo-resource efficacy is a vital priority. The legacy inscribed within rock records paints a vivid picture of intricate interplay between mineral reactions, fluid flow and deformation—testaments to the often-intense nature of fluid-rock interactions.
This session aims to draw the current picture of the advances and challenges, whether conceptual, methodological, or experimental when considering the role of fluid-rock interactions. We invite contributions that utilize an array of methodologies, ranging from natural observations, microstructural assessments, and geochemical analyses to rock mechanics, all intertwined with modelling techniques. This modelling can span from ab initio simulations to continuum scale simulations, ensuring a comprehensive exploration of fluid-rock/mineral interactions. Contributions that harness the power of artificial intelligence and its subsets are particularly encouraged.

Reconstructing the controls of pressure-temperature-chemistry-time-deformation (P-T-X-t-d) on pathways of orogenic systems is essential to unravel Earth’s tectonic evolution. Cutting-edge advances in high-resolution geochronology, diffusion modeling, and microanalytical techniques now empower unprecedented 4-D reconstructions of tectono-metamorphic histories. This session addresses timely challenges by bridging and linking microscale rock records to planetary-scale geodynamics.
We seek interdisciplinary contributions integrating petrochronology, structural geology, and experimental / metamorphic petrology. Key approaches include diffusion chronometry; accessory-phase geochronology; geochemical tracers; microstructural analysis; thermodynamic modeling of phase equilibria; and geodynamic simulations. Studies quantifying metamorphic rates (e.g., burial/exhumation, fluid pulses), reconciling P-T-t path ambiguities through multi-method validation, or bridging microscale reactions with tectonic drivers are particularly encouraged.
We welcome innovative case studies from diverse settings—subduction zones, collisional orogens, and rift systems—alongside methodological advances that connect field observations with modeling.

Deciphering dynamic geological processes relies on interpreting mineral and rock records such as chemical zoning, reaction textures, and deformation microstructures. Diffusion geospeedometry provides constraints on the timescales of magmatic processes, while methods rooted in mineral physics such as inclusion barometry reveal pressure conditions and residual stresses during mineral growth and deformation. Transient metamorphic processes including partial melting, dehydration, fluid–rock interaction, and shear heating leave crucial signatures that link mineral-scale transformations to lithospheric dynamics. Combined, these tools and observation bridge short-term processes with long-term tectonic evolution.
We invite contributions that integrate field observations, laboratory experiments, mineral-physics approaches, numerical models, and geochemical or microstructural analyses to quantify the timescales, conditions, and mechanisms of magmatic, metamorphic, and tectonic processes. Studies emphasizing textural and petrological quantification such as diffusion modelling, petrochronology, thermodynamic or mechanical simulations, and fabric development to bridge across spatial and temporal scales are particularly welcome.

Volatiles and other incompatible elements play a fundamental role in Earth’s dynamic systems and significantly contribute to the well-being and sustainability of life, making our planet unique. Their influence on planetary-scale processes is profound, as their global cycles efficiently transfer elements from the surface to the deep interior through subduction zones.
Volatiles in melts and fluids hold the key to understanding Earth's inner workings. While major uncertainties remain, advances in multi-disciplinary approaches continue to reveal how these elements move through and shape our planet.
This session brings together scientists investigating the full spectrum of volatile and elemental cycles, with a focus on their principal carriers—melts and fluids. We welcome contributions from petrology, geochemistry, and related disciplines, drawing on natural samples, experiments, and modelling.
Topics of interest include:
i) deep volatile cycles of H₂O, CO₂, halogens and sulfur;
ii) volatile mobilization and transfer during subduction in COHNS fluids and silicate melts;
iii) roles of volatiles in metamorphic and metasomatic processes;
iv) physical and chemical properties of volatiles in melts and fluids;
v) volatile storage in the lithospheric mantle;
vi) emissions and reservoirs in volcanic systems.

Magma storage and volatile exsolution modulate the explosivity, frequency, and impact of volcanic eruptions, and control the formation of mineral deposits, such as porphyry copper deposits. The architecture of magma plumbing systems, and their volatile budgets, are inaccessible to direct observation in active volcanoes and ore deposits. However, they can be accessed through study of the products of volcanic eruptions and of plutonic intrusions, including crystal, melt and fluid records.

This session aims to explore magma-mush systems feeding volcanism and magmatic ore deposits, with a focus on magma dynamics and volatile budgets driving eruptions and mineralisation in critical metals for the green energy transition. We welcome contributions that use field observations, petrography and textural data, bulk and microchemical analyses from volcanic/plutonic rocks, and/or combine natural data with experimental petrology and with thermodynamic, kinetic, and thermomechanical models to better understand pre-eruptive magma storage and volatiles, and the mush switches that drive volcanic eruptions or economic-grade ore mineralisation.

The formation of metal ore deposits (e.g., porphyry Cu-Au systems, orogenic Au deposits, volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, alkaline and carbonatite REE-HFSE systems) is a complex process that typically requires original ore sources to be transported from the mantle, followed by ore concentration and deposition in the crust. Understanding ore formation processes and the associated dynamics is crucial for assessing economic potential and guiding exploration strategies. Regardless of the specific processes involved, reactions between fluids and rocks fundamentally impact ore deposits. These reactions affect the formation of ore minerals, the mobilization of metallic materials from the source zone to the deposit, leaving significant footprints that aid in understanding how these metals are transported and concentrated to form the deposit. At nano- and microscales, physical patterns in ore deposits provide fundamental records of fluid-rock interaction processes, including dendritic structures, banding, fractures, mineralogical replacement textures, growth patterns, and deformation features. At meso- to macroscales, the interactions manifest as alteration zones characterized by systematic mineral replacement, overgrowth, and hydrothermal alteration. The spatial and temporal regularity of these patterns elucidates the physicochemical evolution of ore-forming environments during ore formation. Concurrently, accompanying chemical reactions that drive ore formation control mineral dissolution and precipitation, and the redistribution of ore-forming components. These phenomena petrologically reflect the processes of elemental transfer and exchange during fluid-rock interactions that contribute to the formation of ore deposits. Such natural observations enable thermodynamic and kinetic simulations of the fluid-rock interaction processes responsible for ore formation, deepening our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, recent advances in machine-learning methods have significantly enhanced geochemical quantification and uncovered hidden physicochemical relationships during the spatiotemporal evolution of ore minerals and deposits.
In this session, we invite multidisciplinary contributions that investigate various ore deposits and their associated formation dynamics, using fieldwork, microstructural and petrographic analyses, geochemistry, machine learning, thermodynamic and numerical modeling. Case studies of economic ore deposits are welcomed.

Pyrite is the most common sulphide in the Earth’s crust and occurs in many different types of rock. Following many decades of research, the morphology, trace element and isotopic composition of pyrite can be used to reconstruct a range of bio- and geological processes across a broad spectrum of scales.
In the oceans, pyrite is the dominant sink for reduced sulphur and is intimately connected to biological pathways of sulphate reduction, meaning the formation and isotopic composition of pyrite can be used to reconstruct the redox architecture of ancient marine environments and constrain carbon burial fluxes. On land, pyrite weathering can be a geologically relevant process leading to carbon release to the atmosphere. As a major gangue mineral phase in hydrothermal ore deposits, the formation and geochemistry of pyrite can be used to investigate and potentially detect ore forming processes. At the other end of the life-cycle, the pyrite oxidation during acid mine drainage and subsurface geological storage is a major environmental concern.
This session encourages contributions from scientists investigating pyrite across a range of physico-bio-geochemical conditions in various earth science disciplines, including but not limited to paleoenvironmental reconstructions, nuclear waste storage, ore deposit formation or acid mine drainage. Our aim is to foster intradisciplinary knowledge transfer between different research areas and approaches, including geochemical field studies, in-situ and laboratory investigations of rocks and formations as well as numerical simulation studies within the given context.

The increasing demand for Critical Raw Materials (CRMs), driven by the need to address climate change and meet global needs, is already leading to substantial growth in extractive activities. Ensuring a reliable CRMs supply will require identifying and exploiting new and alternative sources, including CRMs as byproducts of conventional ores and reprocessed extractive waste (EW). Developing smarter, cleaner extraction methodologies for primary and secondary resources will be essential. The extraction of CRMs, from exploration to waste management, has numerous impacts on the environment, including landscape and land use degradation, as well as soil and water contamination, with cascading effects on the biosphere. This results in social and economic challenges and opportunities at various stages of the mining cycle, particularly connected to EW deposits. As a whole, CRM supply must be accompanied by responsible and integrated management throughout the entire value chain.
This session welcomes contributions on the following topics:
- Exploration and extraction of CRMs as primary resources.
- CRM recovery as by-products of common mineral exploitation.
- Revalorization of extractive waste facilities as secondary sources of CRMs.
- Technological innovations for the exploration, extraction, and (re)processing of minerals from primary deposits and EW.
- Technological advancements in sampling and characterization procedures for minerals and EW, aimed at improved resource evaluation and environmental impact assessment.
- Multiscale CRM exploration: innovative sensing technologies, automation, and modeling of primary and secondary resources.
- Environmental aspects of CRM extraction from primary resources.
- Environmental and geotechnical innovations for tackling challenges associated with EW facilities.
- The role of current regulations in driving innovative solutions and fostering responsible production of mined products including the extraction of CRMs.
- Role of economists, social scientists, legal scholars, psychologists, and policymakers in addressing the social and economic challenges of new and reactivated mines to promote a responsible and socially accepted mining sector.
- The role of AI and machine learning across the entire mining life cycle.

The global transition towards sustainable energy and green technology is reliant on critical resources -- such as geothermal energy sources and mineral deposits. To maintain and accelerate progress, we require an improved understanding of: (i) how and where these resources arise; (ii) techniques to identify, characterise and constrain prospective locations; and (iii) strategies for effective, sustainable and low-impact resource development. Addressing any of these questions requires advances in our ability to simulate a wide range of geological processes, and in our capacity to generate actionable insights from these models in combination with complex, uncertain observational datasets.

This session focusses on the computational and methodological developments necessary for progress towards more sustainable energy. We welcome submissions that address a diverse range of topics -- including simulation e.g. of themo-chemical flow processes, subsurface imaging, data fusion and AI -- with their application to critical resources as a unifying theme.

The growing global resource scarcity along with the criticality of high-tech-relevant raw material, poses immense challenges for the sustainable development of our society. Reducing the environmental footprint of mineral exploration and extraction requires sustainable solutions that are socio-economically viable. In this context, an accurate and effective resource characterization is essential not only for supporting economic resilience but also for mitigating environmental impacts and advancing the transition toward sustainable, semi-circular economic models. Emerging technologies, from autonomous robotic explorers to real-time data analytics, are redefining what is possible in mineral exploration and production. These innovations open opportunities to re-evaluate previously “non-economical” deposits, including abandoned sites, ultra-deep reserves, and small-scale resources, and to optimize recovery processes and footprints.

This session targets innovative tools and methodologies that are redefining raw material exploration and characterization. We emphasize multi-scale, multi-source and multi-disciplinary approaches that integrate advanced sensing, modelling, automation and data-driven solutions. The session focuses in particular on method innovations in the field of remote sensing, geophysics, geochemistry, raw material processing, as well as on recycling processes.

We encourage interdisciplinary studies which use a combination of methods to solve challenges as diverse as, but not limited to:
• Next-generation sensing and imaging: non-destructive techniques, core scanners, and airborne/ground-based sensors for high-resolution, accurate, precise, and efficient resource identification.
• Smart field and analytical approaches: geophysical and geochemical mapping, isotope dating, and novel sampling workflows for multi-scale ore body understanding.
• Digital modelling and simulation: advanced conceptual models and quantification methods for deposits and mineral systems.
• Automation and real-time decision-making: AI-driven, automated data processing that enhances resource management, mining selectivity, and recycling efficiency.
• Information integration and visualization: innovative platforms for merging data streams from diverse sensors to improve accuracy and reduce uncertainty.
• Data-driven discovery: machine learning, geostatistics, data fusion, and computational advances unlocking new insights in mineralogy and geochemistry.

As the global energy transition accelerates, there is an increasing need to understand the lithosphere not only for critical minerals, but also for emerging resources such as natural hydrogen and geothermal energy. This session aims to bring together geoscientists—particularly geophysicists working across diverse methodologies—to foster interdisciplinary discussion and advance our understanding of how lithospheric architecture controls the formation, distribution, and preservation of these resource systems.

We invite contributions focused on imaging and characterising the continental lithosphere at scales ranging from regional to local, using geophysical array and profile data. Studies that integrate multiple datasets—such as electromagnetic surveys, magnetotellurics, seismic tomography and reflection, distributed acoustic sensing, gravity, magnetics, geoid, and heat flow—are particularly encouraged. We also welcome research that combines geophysical data with geological, geochemical, mineralogical, and petrophysical approaches to provide a holistic understanding of lithospheric processes.

This session will highlight advances that inform the discovery and sustainable development of critical minerals, natural hydrogen, and geothermal resources, ultimately contributing to a secure and low-carbon energy future.

Petrophysics and geomechanics have been critical tools in the exploitation of naturally occurring fossil fuels. Now that the world is transitioning away from fossil fuels towards sustainable energy and material sources, these same methods still have critical roles to play. The methods remain the same – it is only their applications that have changed, helping to drive the globe towards net zero and beyond. Conventional petrophysics and geomechanics are being applied to new challenges, ensuring that the wheel does not need reinventing.

The aim of this session is to explore and foster the contribution of petrophysics and geomechanics to improve development of sustainable energy and material resources in the transition to low-carbon energy and net zero.

Papers should show research or deployment involving theory, concept, measurement, modelling, testing, validation the deployment of petrophysics and/or geomechanics, from/across angström to basin scales, that has the potential for driving us towards net zero, including pore-scale processes that link fluid flow, geochemistry and geomechanical properties, and studies linking petrophysical and geomechanical properties across multiple scales.

Applications include, but are not limited to, (i) carbon capture and storage, (ii) subsurface energy storage, (iii) geothermal energy, (iv) non-carbon gas exploitation (e.g. helium and white hydrogen), (v) wind energy, (vi) hydroelectric energy, (vi) solar energy, (vii) battery storage for smoothing of Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (IRES). In each case including provision of critical minerals (e.g., lithium, cobalt, neodymium), engineering and groundwater flow are included.

Approaches may include laboratory measurement, field studies, multi-scale imaging, pore-scale and DRM modelling, reactive flow, reservoir modelling, 3D quantification and dynamic simulation, fracture modelling, heat flow quantification and modelling, reservoir integrity cap-rock studies, quantitative evaluation of porosity, permeability or any other properties or approach.

Submissions that are not related to energy transition will be transferred to a more appropriate session.

Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) and hotspot systems represent major expressions of mantle melting, magma transport through the lithosphere, and rapid crustal emplacement. Their development involves a wide range of coupled mantle and crustal processes, including plume dynamics, plume-ridge interaction, lithospheric architecture, continental extension and breakup, magma storage, differentiation and assimilation, and the emplacement of intrusive and extrusive complexes forming new continental and oceanic crust. Increasing evidence shows that LIPs and hotspot tracks are characterised by strong temporal variability in magma supply, composition, and eruptive behaviour, spanning timescales from individual eruptions to million-year pulses. These magmatic fluctuations play a key role in crust-mantle mass transfer, the localisation of critical mineral resources, volatile release, and associated climatic and environmental perturbations.

Despite their importance, the tempo, magnitude, and physical controls of melt generation, transport, and emplacement in LIPs and hotspot systems remain incompletely constrained. This session seeks contributions that investigate the mechanisms driving temporal patterns in magmatism--from mantle melting dynamics and plume pulsations to melt migration, storage, and eruption--and how these processes propagate from depth to surface expressions such as lava piles, seaward-dipping reflectors, volcanic rifted margins, and hotspot island chains. We particularly encourage interdisciplinary studies combining high-resolution geochronology, stratigraphy, petrology, trace-element and isotopic geochemistry, geophysical imaging, numerical or analogue modelling, and environmental proxy records.

We also welcome contributions exploring the broader consequences of pulsed magmatism, including links to climate change, volatile and nutrient fluxes, ecosystem disruption or creation, island and seamount corridor dynamics, and biogeographic and macroevolutionary patterns. The goal of this session is to build a mechanistic, multiscale framework for the generation and temporality of hotspot and LIP magmatism, and to quantify its cascading effects on plate tectonics, Earth-surface systems, and life through geological time.

Hotspots and large igneous provinces (LIPs) display marked fluctuations in magma supply, composition, and eruptive temporality—from million-year pulsing to the timescale of eruptions—yet the origins of this variability remain debated and their consequences are poorly studied. This session explores how mantle dynamics (e.g., plume pulsations, plume–ridge interaction, lithospheric architecture) and crustal processes (storage, recharge, assimilation) generate temporal patterns in magmatism, and how these patterns propagate to Earth’s surface systems and biota.
We welcome contributions that integrate numerical modeling (from the scale of mantle processes that can affect the source location and the timing of magmas, to those of melt transport), as well as case studies on specific hotspots tracks, continental and oceanic LIPS, and rifted margins including new geochronology, stratigraphy, petrological, geochemical, and isotopic constraints. We also welcome contributions linking magmatic pulsations to environmental and biogeographic change—e.g., climatic perturbations, nutrient fluxes, habitat creation and fragmentation, island and seamount corridor dynamics, and macroevolutionary turnovers. The goal of this session is to build a mechanistic framework for the temporality of hotspot/LIP magmatism and to quantify its cascading effects on plate tectonics, ecosystems, and biogeographic patterns through Earth history.

The Earth’s lithosphere is a highly dynamic system, exerting a key control on global scale tectonics and the chemical evolution of our planet. Among the factors that influence the rheology and evolution of the mantle and crust, the occurrence of fluids and/or melts is one of the most prominent. The presence and migration of melts and fluids in the lithosphere can be caused by a variety of mechanisms (e.g., plume ascent, slab subduction, dehydration metamorphism, hydrothermalism), the products of which are recorded both in mantle rocks as metasomatic reactions, or at the surface as volcanism, seismicity, gaseous emissions and/or deformation.
To shed light on the evolution of the Earth’s mantle in different geodynamic settings and investigate the nature and distribution of fluids and melts at various depths in the lithosphere, it is necessary to adopt multi-parametric and multi-disciplinary approaches, combining petrology and geochemistry of mantle-derived rocks to field studies, modeling and theoretical approaches about the rheology of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system. Such integrated studies are better suited not only to image and trace melts and fluids in various geological environments, but also to identify specific seismicity patterns and chemical signatures in order to mitigate natural and anthropogenic hazards.
This session welcomes contributions from a broad range of topics, including: i) petrology and geochemistry of minerals and melt/fluid inclusions in mantle rocks and mantle-derived melts; ii) gaseous emissions and thermodynamic modelling; iii) seismic monitoring and tomography. Contributions from Early Career Scientists are specifically encouraged.

About 90% of the Earth’s volcanism is associated with convergent or divergent plate boundaries and can thus be satisfactorily explained by the plate tectonics theory. However, the origin of anomalous volcanism within both continental and oceanic plate interiors (i.e. intraplate volcanism) as well as unusual on-boundary volcanism (e.g. Iceland), is less advanced. This enigmatic volcanism was initially attributed to the presence of mantle plumes, but in recent years a variety of models have been developed to explain its origins (e.g. edge-driven convection, sublithospheric drainage, etc.). Modern improvements in instrumentation, techniques, and data availability (e.g. spatial and temporal resolution) have greatly expanded our understanding of Earth dynamics and structure. Re-evaluation, refinement, and creation of new models for the origin of intraplate and unusual on-boundary magmatism have also provided better insights on deep mantle processes and shed light on the complex interactions between the Earth’s asthenosphere, lithosphere, and surface. Understanding what triggers magmatism unrelated to plate boundary processes is critical in understanding the evolution of Earth’s mantle, surface dynamics, volcanism, and chemical evolution through time, including the initiation of plate tectonics, climate, and life. It is also key to understanding lithospheric deformation in the presence of underlying magma, past and present volcanic catastrophes, and the environmental impacts of magmatism through time. With the rise of space exploration and the development of spacecraft data analysis, this knowledge is also crucial to the understanding of magmatism on other planetary bodies in the solar system and beyond. This session aims to bring together cross-disciplinary work on intraplate and unusual plate boundary magmatism to stimulate interactions between researchers with diverse ideas, observations, approaches, and backgrounds. We welcome contributions that apply any appropriate method including (isotope) geochemistry, petrology, geophysics, volcanology, seismology, numerical and analogue modelling, ocean drilling, plate kinematics, tectonics, sedimentology, field and structural geology, or thermo- and geo-chronology. Studies focusing on Large Igneous Province (LIP) magmatism, wide magmatic rifted margins (e.g., the Laxmi Basin), or magmatism associated with continental material far offshore (e.g., the Rio Grande Rise) are particularly encouraged. We also encourage innovative studies, the spanning of spatio-temporal scales, and thought-provoking ideas that challenge conventions.

The cycle of volatiles is intricately connected to the plate tectonic cycle. This journey begins along oceanic spreading centers, where the interplay between magmatism, tectonics and hydrothermal processes forms and alters the oceanic lithosphere, locking in vast quantities of H2O, C, S, as well as other volatiles and metals. When the altered lithosphere subducts, the coupling of deformation and metamorphic reactions channels the released volatiles into the subduction interface and the overlying mantle wedge, driving metasomatism and arc volcanism. The reactive pathways for volatile transfer are forged through the dynamic interplay of aqueous fluid–rock interaction, deformation, and metamorphism, under both seafloor and deep mantle conditions.

This session aims to connect the processes that create volatile pathways across tectonic settings. We invite contributions addressing aqueous fluid–rock interactions, with a particular focus on: (i) oceanic alteration and associated changes in volatile storage and redox budget, (ii) volatile transfer in aqueous COHS fluids, (iii) isotopic tracers of fluid–rock interaction, and (iv) feedbacks between chemical reactions and rock mechanics.

We welcome studies using field observations, experiments, as well as numerical and thermodynamic modeling to trace the cycling of volatiles across geological settings.

The Mid-oceanic ridges (MORs) provide unique opportunities to study two of the three tectonic plate boundaries: the divergent borders along and across the spreading ridge axis, and the tectonically dominated offset zones (e.g., transform faults). Our understanding of the processes building and modifying the oceanic lithosphere has increased over the past 20 years due to advances in deep-sea research technologies, and analytical and numerical modeling techniques. Increasingly, the processes inferred from the present oceanic lithosphere are also transferred into those operating in the Proterozoic and Archean. Yet, the relative role of magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes with their interaction in the formation and accretion of the oceanic lithosphere at the ridge, especially at slow and ultra-slow spreading ridges, and along transform faults, remains poorly constrained. Oceanic transform faults and their extension into the fracture zones have previously been considered to be relatively cold and magmatically inactive; however, evidence for magmatism has recently emerged. The complex network of associated faults provides ideal pathways for hydrothermal percolation into the Earth’s lithosphere and may therefore play a significant role in the chemical and the thermal budget of the planet, as well as in the chemical exchange with the ocean (e.g., nutrients). Yet, little is known about fluid circulation in the oceanic lithosphere in these ultra-slow settings. This session objective is to favor scientific exchange across multiple disciplines and to share recent knowledge acquired along mid-oceanic ridge axes and off-axis, besides the oceanic transform faults and their fracture zones. We particularly welcome studies using modern deep-sea high-resolution techniques and ocean lithosphere drilling. The session also welcomes contributions dealing with recent discoveries in hydrothermal systems, and which integrate geophysical, geochemical, petrological and geological data with numerical modeling tools.

The origin and evolution of the continental lithosphere is closely linked to changes in mantle dynamics through time, from its formation through melt depletion to multistage reworking and reorganization related to interaction with melts formed both beneath and within it. Understanding this history is critical to constraining terrestrial dynamics, element cycles and metallogeny. We welcome contributions dealing with: (1) Reconstructions of the structure and composition of the lithospheric mantle, and the influence of plumes and subduction zones on root construction; (2) Interactions of plume- and subduction-derived melts and fluids with the continental lithosphere, and the nature and development of metasomatic agents; (3) Source rocks, formation conditions (P-T-fO2) and evolution of mantle melts originating below or in the mantle lithosphere; (4) Deep source regions, melting processes and phase transformation in mantle plumes and their fluids; (5) Modes of melt migration and ascent, as constrained from numerical modelling and microstructures of natural mantle samples; (6) Role of mantle melts and fluids in the generation of hybrid and acid magmas. These topics can be illuminated using the geochemistry and fabric of mantle xenoliths and orogenic peridotites, mantle-derived melts and experimental simulations.

Subduction is a dynamic process that drives and maintains plate tectonics, recycling the lithosphere and shaping Earth’s long-term evolution. Subduction zones are responsible for a large proportion of Earth’s volcanism and seismicity, where complex interactions between the subducting slab and the overriding plate occur. Observations from geophysics, geology, and geodesy have revealed intricate slab geometries and mantle flow patterns, linking subduction dynamics directly to surface deformation and hazards. Geochemical studies of volcanic arcs provide further insights into the chemical and thermal processes at play at the slab surface and within the mantle wedge, underscoring subduction's uniqueness among terrestrial planets and its implications for planetary evolution and habitability.

Recent advances in numerical and laboratory modeling have enhanced our understanding of subduction zone processes. However, challenges remain in achieving a consistent picture of the controlling parameters of subduction dynamics. Variations in methodologies, model setups, and input assumptions often lead to contrasting conclusions across geochemical, geodetic, tectonic, and modelling studies.

This session focuses on the dynamics of subduction zones from processes occurring at the Earth’s surface to interactions deep within the mantle, and on the physical mechanisms that control deformation and magmatism in the overriding plate. Topics include, but are not limited to: subduction geometry, kinematics, and dynamics; mineralogical processes in subduction; dynamics, generation and migration of fluids and melts; controls on volcanic arcs; subduction-induced seismicity; role of sediments and volatiles; influence of subducting seamounts, LIPs and ridges; links between surface tectonics, slab dynamics and mantle flow; slab delamination and break-off; imaging subduction processes; and the role of subduction dynamics in the supercontinent cycle.

We invite contributions from across disciplines — including geodynamics, geophysics, geochemistry, petrology, volcanology and seismology — to discuss subduction dynamics at all scales from the surface to the lower mantle, in both present-day and ancient natural laboratories. We particularly encourage integrative studies that bridge observations, models and scales. While the session is Earth-focused, we also welcome contributions that place subduction in a broader planetary perspective.

Recent advancements in thermochronology have significantly broadened its applicability to provide insights on Earth-system processes across various geological settings and timescales. However, novel applications of thermochronometric techniques sometimes reveal limitations in our understanding of thermochronometric systems and flaws of their associated theoretical models. This session aims to present the state-of-the-art of mid- and low-temperature thermochronometric systems – including but not limited to the Ar/Ar, fission tracks, Raman dating, (U-Th)/He, 4He/3He and trapped charge dating systems – and assess their ability (and disability) to provide reliable datasets for geological interpretation. We welcome contributions that explore (1) theoretical and experimental work introducing new thermochronometers or aiming at improving our understanding of current systems, (2) innovative approaches to quantify and model thermochronometric data, (3) integration of thermochronology with field observations, remote sensing, geomorphological techniques, isotopic methods and modeling (numerical and analog), and (4) applications that constrain the timing, magnitude, and rates of processes affecting the lithosphere and shaping the Earth surface across various temporal and spatial scales. We particularly welcome contributions aiming at providing new constraints on relief evolution, deposition/erosion, source to sink processes, sediment provenance, weathering, faulting, hydrothermalism, tectonics, geothermal changes, and formation of ore deposits. These insights will pose important implications for the broader Earth-science community.

Fluids play a critical role in the physical and chemical evolution of the Earth’s crust. They control heat and mass transfer, drive mineral reactions, and have a strong influence on deformation processes. The movement and interaction of aqueous geofluids with rocks in the upper crust are therefore fundamental for processes such as critical raw material mineralisation and the development of geothermal systems. Understanding fluid flow drivers, pathways, and fluid–rock interactions requires approaches that can bridge spatial and temporal scales, from tectonic plates down to individual grains.

We invite to this session all contributions that address fluid flow and fluid–rock interaction in especial those that bridge scales, explore the dynamics of the systems and apply new numerical, experimental, or analytical techniques that improve our ability to understand fluid flow in the Earth’s crust.

Continental rifting is a complex process spanning from the inception of extension to continental rupture or the formation of a failed rift. This session aims to combine new data, concepts and techniques elucidating the structure and dynamics of rifts and rifted margins. We invite submissions addressing the time-dependent evolution of processes such as faults and ductile shear zones development, tectonic and sedimentary history, magma migration, storage and volcanism, lithospheric necking and rift strength loss, influence of the pre-rift lithospheric structure, rift kinematics and plate motion, mantle flow and dynamic topography, as well as break-up and the transition to seafloor spreading. We encourage contributions using multi-disciplinary and innovative methods from field geology, geochronology, geochemistry, petrology, seismology, geodesy, marine geophysics, plate reconstruction, or numerical or analogue modelling. Emphasis will be given to presentations that bridge spatial and temporal scales and integrate insights from active rifts, passive margins, and failed rift arms.

Classic models predicting a depth that separates brittle deformation in the upper crust from a region below in which deformation is dominated by ductile processes have long been outdated. In fact, the deformation behavior of Earth’s lithosphere is more complex and brittle and ductile processes may interact throughout the lithosphere. In the rock record, brittle deformation may be expressed as features ranging from micro-fracturing of mineral grains up to seismic ruptures (e.g., pseudotachylytes) or large-scale faults, and ductile deformation is typically expressed as shear zones ranging from millimeter to kilometer scales. Factors known to determine whether strain is accommodated by brittle and/or ductile processes include, but are not limited to: material properties (e.g., grain size, composition), strain rate, strain incompatibilities, pressure-temperature conditions, the availability of fluids, and rock modification by metamorphic reactions.

The multitude of possible factors determining the deformation style in the lithosphere make a comprehensive understanding of the deformation behavior of Earth’s lithosphere challenging. In this session we aim to tackle the complex topic of lithospheric deformation by combining observations from natural rocks with those from experimental and numerical studies.

Understanding the petrogenesis of igneous, metamorphic and mineralised rocks is fundamentally grounded in crystal-scale observations of rock microstructures and textures. The dynamic conditions under which a rock forms can be reconstructed by investigating the features of its crystals – shape, size, zonation, and inclusions (mineral, melt and/or fluid) – along with their crystallographic orientations and spatial arrangements. These data provide insights on a wealth of processes: cooling and heating rates; crystallisation regimes and resulting nucleation, growth and dissolution kinetics through space and time; ore mineralisation; fluid flux and speciation; and the extent, mechanisms, and timing of deformation. Correlating such textural and microstructural data with complementary geochemical and field datasets (e.g., elemental maps and hyperspectral images) offers unparalleled quantitative insights into the evolution, makeup, and dynamics of the Earth’s interior. Rock microstructures and textures are therefore key to solving geological problems with direct societal impact, such as critical mineral supply and volcanic risk mitigation.
We invite contributions focused on applying textural and microstructural approaches to igneous and metamorphic problems, using both traditional (e.g., universal stage) and more modern (e.g., EBSD, XRT, XMapTools) methods. We also seek submissions focused on developing new methods to acquire and process textural data, including numerical models of microstructural and/or textural evolution. We particularly encourage contributions that combine microstructural analysis with other datasets, e.g., geochemical data, to address geological questions.

Studying materials and processes under extreme pressure-temperature conditions is central to understanding the interiors and evolution of Earth and Earth-like planets. Deep inside our planet, diverse physical and chemical phenomena, such as core–mantle differentiation, mantle plume origins, and enigmatic low-velocity regions, govern planetary structure and long-term evolution. Yet our direct observations—seismological, heat flux, gravity, and geomagnetic fields—leave many aspects of the deep Earth open to interpretation. Insights into mineral physics properties—such as equations of state, elasticity, texture, transport properties, phase transitions, melting, and chemical reactivity—are critical to constrain models of planetary interiors. In parallel, geodynamical modeling allows us to test hypotheses about these processes by making quantitative predictions that can be compared with observations. The scope of such studies now extends beyond Earth. Since the commissioning of the James Webb Space Telescope in 2022, exoplanet characterization has accelerated, particularly for rocky, potentially habitable planets.

Recent advances in experimental and computational techniques now allow access to an unprecedented range of conditions relevant to planetary interiors. Static compression experiments with diamond anvil cells reach pressures in the megabar regime, while dynamic compression with free-electron lasers enables ultrafast measurements at extreme conditions relevant to large exoplanets—opening unique opportunities to capture transformations of matter linked to planetary evolution. Complementary computational methods, from ab initio simulations to large-scale geodynamical models, provide key insights to predict the properties of matter at depth and link them to observable planetary parameters such as seismic velocities, mass–radius relationships, or interior dynamics.

This session invites contributions from across planetary sciences that advance our understanding of materials and processes under extreme conditions. We particularly welcome studies addressing mineral physics properties, interior structure and dynamics, and the chemical and physical evolution of Earth and exoplanets. Abstracts highlighting novel experimental techniques, innovative synchrotron and FEL approaches, and cutting-edge modeling methods can all come together to reveal the complex interplay of chemistry, physics, and dynamics within Earth and planetary interiors.

Carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) are crucial volatile elements that govern key physical and chemical processes throughout the solid Earth, from the deep mantle to shallow crust. Influenced by pressure–temperature regimes and redox conditions, these elements exist in diverse forms within mineral structures, melts, and fluids. Through processes such as slab subduction, mantle convection, and the migration of melts and fluids, C and H are exchanged between Earth’s deep and shallow reservoirs. The cycling of these elements, in turn, shapes the dynamics and evolution of both the mantle and the crust. Notably, H and C exert considerable control over magma evolution and volcanic eruptions. Moreover, the formation of energy resources such as hydrocarbons and natural hydrogen likely involves chemical and thermal inputs from the mantle. A comprehensive understanding of deep carbon and hydrogen across spatial scales and Earth’s interior systems is therefore crucial for deciphering the functioning and evolution of our planet.
This session aims to integrate geochemical, petrological, experimental, computational, and modeling approaches to advance insights into the behavior of C and H within the silicate Earth. We welcome contributions addressing: (i) the speciation and fractionation of C and H in minerals, melts, and fluids under varying redox conditions; (ii) the budgets and cycling of C–H in the bulk silicate Earth; (iii) the roles of C and H throughout Earth’s history; and (iv) implications for the formation of C–H-bearing minerals and energy resources.

A variety of geophysical and geological observational techniques are now mature enough to provide valuable insights into the influence that mantle convection has on Earth surface and its core. Current challenges include the need to reconcile different spatial resolutions between models and observations, uneven data coverage and the determination of appropriate sampling and simulation scales. This session will provide a holistic view of the influence of mantle convection on core dynamics and surface expressions from geodetic to geological time scales using multi-disciplinary methods, including (but not limited to): geodetic, geophysical, geological, long-term evolution of the geomagnetic field, Earth's core dynamics magnetism and the seismic imaging of mantle convective processes, as well as numerical modeling.
This session will provide rich opportunities for presenters and attendees from a range of disciplines, demographics, and stages of their scientific career to engage in this exciting and multidisciplinary problem in Earth science.

The structure, dynamics, and history of iron-bearing planetary cores are critical to constrain the evolution of Earth and other planets. Seismological observations provide a picture of the core as it is today, with an increasing body of observations and data processing techniques offering new avenues to study the core on Earth, but also other bodies such as Mars. Additional information can be deduced from high pressure mineral physics which can help in understanding the underlying effects of composition, chemical, and crystalline structure on the core as it is today or during its evolution since the formation of the Earth. Finally, models of formation, dynamics, and heat transport and evolution can be built and combine observational constrains to help our understanding of the structure, dynamics, and history of planetary cores. In this session, we welcome contributions from all disciplines to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of planetary cores from disciplines including seismology, mineral physics, geochemistry, magnetism, gravity, dynamics or other related fields.

About 90% of the Earth’s volcanism is associated with convergent or divergent plate boundaries and can thus be satisfactorily explained by the plate tectonics theory. However, the origin of anomalous volcanism within both continental and oceanic plate interiors (i.e. intraplate volcanism) as well as regions of excessive magmatism along ridges (e.g. Iceland) is not directly related to plate boundary processes, such as subduction or ridge extension. This enigmatic volcanism was initially attributed to the presence of mantle plumes, but in recent years a variety of models have been developed to explain its origins (e.g. edge-driven convection, sublithospheric drainage, etc.). Improvements in instrumentation, numerical modelling, and the temporal and spatial resolution of data have allowed us to better understand mantle dynamics and the Earth’s interior. Re-evaluation, refinement, and creation of new models for the origin of intraplate/anomalous magmatism have also provided better insights on deep mantle processes and shed light on the complex interactions between the Earth’s asthenosphere, lithosphere, and surface. Understanding what triggers magmatism unrelated to plate boundary processes is critical in understanding the evolution of Earth’s mantle, especially in times before the initiation of plate tectonics and when supercontinents dominated. With the rise of space exploration and the development of spacecraft data analysis, this knowledge is also crucial to the understanding of magmatism on other planetary bodies in the solar system and beyond. This session aims to facilitate new understandings of intraplate and anomalous magmatism by bringing together diverse ideas, observations, and approaches from researchers around the globe.
We therefore welcome contributions dealing with the origins and evolution of intraplate or anomalous magmatism using a variety of approaches and techniques to tackle outstanding questions from any field, including: petrology, geochemistry, geochronology, isotope geochemistry, geophysics, geodynamics, seismology, and more. This session brings together scientists from any and all backgrounds who work on intraplate/anomalous magmatism using any approach, enhancing discussion and collaboration between disciplines.

Earth's earliest history was marked by dramatic evolutionary stages, progressing from global magma oceans to the development of a proto-lithosphere and eventually to the modern plate tectonic regime. These fundamental shifts were crucial in shaping a planet capable of sustaining life. Yet, tectonic processes, timing, and environmental conditions that governed the crustal evolution during the Archean remain poorly constrained – an uncertainty that largely stems from the limited preservation of ancient rock records. Archean cratons, however, provide a unique window into these processes.
This session will focus on new insights gained from studying Archean rocks using a blend of techniques, ranging from traditional fieldwork to high-precision drone imaging, and both established and novel in-situ analytical techniques.
We encourage submissions to this session that dive into the enigmas of Archean rocks by integrating metamorphic petrology with structural and microstructural analysis, in-situ petrochronology, thermodynamic modeling, geochemistry, geophysics, and geodynamic modeling. These techniques will facilitate the revelation of metamorphic and deformation histories, contributing new insights into the processes that influenced the early Earth.

Archean cratons, characterized by extensive granite–greenstone assemblages, represent the oldest preserved nuclei of Earth’s continental lithosphere. These ancient terrains are surrounded and overlain by coeval or younger sedimentary successions that provide critical insights related to the evolution of continental crust, seawater chemistry, early oxygenation events, and the primary biosignatures. The processes of craton formation, stabilization, and subsequent growth, marked a step change in Earth’s history. It remains as the primary archive of the first two billion years of coeval crust-mantle evolution, surface chemistry conditions and geodynamics (e.g., seawater chemistry, emergence of continental crust). The existing geodynamic regimes in the early Earth also played a critical role in co-evolution of the Earth's deep mantle and surface reservoirs. However, our understanding remains fragmentary due to the scarcity of global datasets owing to limited preservation of Archean rocks. The latter is largely affected by resetting by later geological events such as metamorphism and/or tectonic overprinting.
To unravel the earliest evolution of our planet, integrated and multidisciplinary approaches are essential. Isotope and elemental geochemistry, high-precision geochronology, petrology combined with geodynamic modelling will provide unique insights into the processes that shaped Earth’s earliest reservoirs. We welcome contributions from related disciplines that apply both established and innovative interdisciplinary approach towards addressing fundamental questions about pressing topics such as the differentiation and secular evolution of Earth’s crust and mantle, early reworking of the crust, transitionary stages of the ancient oceans and the nature of early tectonic regimes. These holistic studies will shed light on Earth's early formation, evolution, and transformation, revealing how initial habitable conditions were established and offering insights into ancient, possibly eroded, reservoirs.

Dynamical processes shape the Earth and other rocky planets throughout their history; their present state is a result of this long-term evolution. Early on, processes and lifetimes of magma oceans establish the initial conditions for their long-term development; subsequently their long-term evolution is shaped by the dynamics of the mantle-lithosphere system, compositional differentiation or mixing, possible core-mantle reactions, etc.. These processes can be interrogated through observations of the rock record, geochemistry, seismology, gravity, magnetism and planetary remote sensing all linked through geodynamical modelling constrained by physical properties of relevant phases.

This session aims to provide a holistic view of the dynamics, tectonics, structure, composition and evolution of Earth and rocky planetary bodies (including exoplanets) on temporal scales ranging from the present day to billions of years, and on spatial scales ranging from microscopic to global, by bringing together constraints from geodynamics, seismology, mineral physics, geochemistry, petrology, volcanology, planetary science and astronomy.

Cratons hold the record of the oldest crust. Their formation and evolution into a stable continent set the conditions for early life to thrive on this planet. Emergence of Archean cratons above the sea level formed shallow marine environments, which potentially harboured early life, and exposed silicate-rich rocks to surface weathering. It significantly modulated atmospheric CO₂ levels and helped regulate climate, a fundamental process to sustain long-term habitability.

While many cratons survived since Archean, some of them are modified or even destroyed in the recent past. Their destruction might have disrupted lithospheric volatile reservoirs, releasing them into the atmosphere. Insights into these processes can improve present-day Earth system models, particularly those exploring carbon cycling and climate stability.

Cratons are also economically significant. They are the primary repository of diamond and also rich in critical minerals essential for modern technologies and the energy transition, making their study increasingly relevant today.

For this session, we invite multidisciplinary contributions including but not limited to geodynamics, geochemistry, geology, geophysics, and biogeodynamics. The focus is on investigating craton evolution and its critical role in shaping Earth’s processes, from early planetary development to modern geological history.

Seismic attenuation, involving energy loss through scattering and intrinsic absorption, significantly affects seismic wave propagation. As a fundamental property, attenuation plays a central role in subsurface imaging, investigations of Earth’s deep interior, and seismic exploration of planetary bodies. Quantitative analysis of attenuation enables inference of key material properties, such as composition, fluids, or fractures. A comprehensive understanding of attenuation mechanisms also supports robust source characterization and accurate ground-motion modeling, with important implications for hazard assessment and mitigation. In recent decades, advances in theory, numerical modeling, and data analysis have substantially improved attenuation characterization. High-accuracy 3D simulations now allow realistic modeling of wave propagation through complex structures, while advanced inversion techniques better separate scattering from intrinsic absorption. On the observational side, dense seismic arrays and new sensing technologies provide major, yet still underexploited, opportunities to enhance resolution.
This session will bring together experts to present the latest innovations in seismic attenuation research. We welcome theoretical and applied contributions, from work deepening fundamental understanding to studies showcasing practical applications.
Topics of interest include:
• Theoretical advancements that improve understanding of attenuation processes, including scattering and intrinsic absorption.
• Resolve Earth’s internal structure through analysis of attenuation data.
• Numerical simulations of the relevant equations for seismic wave propagation in heterogeneous media and attenuation.
• Applications to the study and characterization of seismic sources.
• Attenuation studies in seismic hazard and damage assessment, including ground motion models and the effects of shaking on structures and infrastructure.
• Energy dispersion from geological heterogeneities, such as faults, fractures, and variations in rock properties.
• Attenuation as an indicator of energy conversion into heat, with applications to geothermal exploration and volcanic hazard assessment.
• Tomographic imaging that integrates attenuation, scattering, and absorption to investigate Earth’s structure from crust to core.
• Planetary science investigations that use seismic attenuation to probe the internal structure and dynamics of other planetary bodies.

Outgassing has played a fundamental role in forming and altering Earth’s atmosphere and climate, and, therefore, habitability throughout its history. From cataclysmic global outgassing events as LIP emplacements or the Great Oxidation Event to regional and local outgassing processes, the release of volatiles can drive both short- and long-term environmental perturbations and pose significant hazards to the biosphere. Beyond Earth, outgassing remains a key process influencing the evolution of other planetary bodies in our solar system, as demonstrated by volcanic activity on Venus or cryo-volcanism on a multitude of planetary bodies.

This session invites interdisciplinary contributions from geochemistry, planetary science, and geodynamics to advance our understanding of outgassing processes. We aim to explore the variability of outgassing and its role in past and present climate change, and its broader planetary implications. By integrating perspectives from Earth and planetary sciences, we welcome abstracts based on numerical, analytical and laboratory work in this interdisciplinary session.

This session welcomes all studies on Mars science and exploration. With many active missions, Mars research is as active as ever, and new data come in on a daily basis. The aim of this session is to bring together disciplines as various as geology, geomorphology, geophysics, and atmospheric science. We look forward to receiving contributions covering both past and present processes, either pure Mars science or comparative planetology (including fieldwork on terrestrial analogues), as well as modeling approaches and laboratory experiments (or any combination of those). New results on Mars science obtained from recent in situ and orbital measurements are particularly encouraged, as well as studies related to upcoming missions and campaigns (ExoMars, Mars Sample Return).

The "Planetary Geomorphology and Surface Processes" session brings together scientists studying how landscapes form, evolve, and erode on Earth and other planetary bodies in our Solar System.
Our session will provide a platform for cross-planetary discussion of the processes that generate and erode landscapes, create stratigraphy, and couple planetary surface dynamics to climatic and tectonic drivers. Considered processes could include aeolian, volcanic, tectonic, fluvial, glacial, periglacial, or as-yet "undetermined" ones.
We welcome contributions on Mars, Venus, Mercury, the Moon, icy satellites of the outer solar system, comets, and/or asteroids, to submit to our session. We believe that an interdisciplinary approach through sharing and discussing ideas across planetary borders is key in answering current questions and for the formation of new ideas, and thus we especially encourage cross-planetary contributions. We particularly welcome contributions from early-career scientists and geomorphologists who are new to planetary science.

Significant breakthroughs in modern Earth Science research are closely tied to innovations in observational, analytical, and modeling methods. Over the past two decades, substantial progress has been made in microbeam analytical techniques, now widely employed across various disciplines within Earth Sciences. These advancements in micro-scale observation and analysis have greatly deepened our understanding of Earth's history and its complex geological processes. Recent rapid developments in chemical microanalysis, non-destructive imaging technology and the application of advanced petrological tools, such as thermodynamic calculators, have revitalized the study of volcanic systems, placing it at the forefront of geological research once again. Additionally, the use of innovative experimental apparatus allows for controlled simulation of geological conditions, further enhancing our capacity to study igneous and volcanic processes. Furthermore, advanced modeling and statistical approaches are reshaping our ability to predict and model geological and volcanic-magmatic processes with higher precision. Emerging AI methods, including machine learning and deep learning-based geobarometry, image processing, and classification, are proving invaluable for automating and refining data interpretation. We invite contributions that emphasize original research, new protocols, and technical innovations, especially those that integrate multiple techniques, interdisciplinary approaches, and cutting-edge modeling or experimental methods.

Minerals are fundamental components of igneous (volcanic and plutonic) rocks. Variations in their textures and compositions are the results of magmatic and/or volcanic processes such as magma recharge and mixing, magma storage and crystallization, mush formation and remobilization, pluton growth and maturation, magma ascent, degassing, and syn-eruptive processes. These processes operate on timescales of minutes to millennia and unlocking the temporal information from various minerals provide complementary record of magmatic timescales. Minerals can also be used to reconstruct the original composition of the magma and its thermodynamic conditions, through modelling and experimental studies of elemental partitioning under magmatic conditions. This session offers a broad overview of these 'microscopic archives,' drawing on insights from natural case studies, numerical models, and experimental works. We welcome contributions related to volcanological, plutonic geochemical, experimental, and modelling studies of mineral textures and compositions with linkages to magmatic and volcanic processes and their timescales.

The explosivity of a volcanic eruption reflects the processes which occur as magma ascends from the Earth's interior towards the surface. Investigating the processes and timescales that control the physical and chemical evolution of magma within volcanic reservoirs and conduits is essential to provide insight into the eruptive style of volcanic eruptions, and, consequently, into volcanic hazard assessment and mitigation. Magmatic processes, such as crystallization, magma mixing and degassing, control magma differentiation and rheology, which in turn influence the remobilization of crystal mushes and cold magmas stored within the crust, the formation of eruptible magmas, magma ascent dynamics, magma fragmentation and, ultimately, eruptive behaviour.

Through the analysis of the textural, chemical, and isotopic characteristics of eruptive products we can elucidate the inner workings and the architecture of magma plumbing systems, as well as constrain pre- and syn-eruptive processes. Analytical/field observations, laboratory experiments and numerical modelling are fundamental tools for the investigation of pre- and syn-eruptive processes, and for understanding eruptive dynamics. This information is of paramount importance for policymakers in charge of mitigating the risks associated with volcanic activity.

In this session, we welcome petrological, geochemical, geophysical and volcanological studies that investigate the dynamics of magmatic processes within magma reservoirs and volcanic conduits through natural, experimental, and numerical-based approaches. Contributions that investigate the hazards associated with volcanic activity and interdisciplinary works that consider the close and complex interplay between magmatic processes, conduit dynamics, eruptive behaviour, and emplacement mechanisms are encouraged.

Recent advances in geochemical analysis, petrological investigations, experimental petrology, and computational modelling have significantly enhanced our ability to constrain the architecture of magmatic systems, assess timescales of magma evolution, quantify (isotope) fractionation processes, and investigate critical transitions from dormancy to eruption. However, challenges remain, including estimating magma storage depths, understanding crystal-melt relationships, integrating temporal and thermal constraints to better link physical and geochemical models, and calibrating models with experimental and natural observations.
A thorough understanding of magmatic plumbing systems is crucial to advance our knowledge of volcanic hazards, crustal evolution, and ore mineralisation. This session aims to investigate the multitude of key processes operating in magmatic systems, such as: magma generation, transport, mixing, and storage; mineral–melt–fluid reactions and fractionation; kinetic and equilibrium elemental and isotopic exchange. We invite contributions that rely on field observations, high-resolution geochemical data (major and trace elements as well as isotope ratios), thermodynamic and numerical modelling, geochronology and diffusion chronometry, machine learning, and experimental petrology to shed light on those processes and their timescales. Studies that combine various approaches (e.g. apply experimental or computational findings to case studies of natural systems) or develop new tools for understanding the complex evolution of magmatic systems are especially welcome.

Fluid migration through the Earth’s crust is driven by pressure gradients and temperature changes, while being influenced by bio-physico-geochemical processes occurring in the subsurface. Groundwater, hydrothermal brines, hydrocarbons and various gases circulating in the subsurface interact with their surroundings and, under specific geological conditions, form a variety of structures when expelled at the surface (e.g.: geysers, hydrothermal vents, mud volcanoes and cold seeps). Elevated pore pressures in deep reservoirs make piercements ideal natural laboratories to capture precursors of seismic events and dynamically-triggered geological processes. In addition, fluid migration is becoming increasingly relevant to carbon storage, where the injected CO2 may interact with nearby producing oil fields and/or host rocks, or may further leak at legacy wells. Besides being a window to study the deep biosphere, the harsh environments at CO2- and CH4-dominated vents played a key role in the evolution of our planet and the cycles of life during several geological eras. In fact, similar structures on other planets could indicate the location of potential niches that could nurture extra-terrestrial life. Yet, the geochemical and geophysical processes associated with the evolution of these vertical fluid flow features and piercements remain poorly understood.
The aim of this session is to gather researchers focusing on under-explored structures and processes, using innovative tools to collect and interpret integrated datasets, and conducting numerical and laboratory simulations with state-of-the-art instruments and workflows. We welcome contributions that present new approaches for improving our understanding of fluid migration systems on Earth and other planets, ranging across: 1) different tectonic settings and parameters controlling subsurface processes and resulting morphologies; 2) geochemical reactions occurring at depth and the surface, including micro- and biological studies; 3) experimental/numerical simulations about fluid flow evolution and propagation; 4) studies showcasing piercement structures and novel data acquisition methods; 5) interaction of fluid flow in sedimentary basins with host rocks and decommissioned wells; and 6) impact of seepage on climate and evolution of life throughout Earth’s history. We particularly encourage abstract submissions from early-career researchers and scientists from groups that are underrepresented in the geosciences.

Magma composition, eruptive frequency, and tectonic context are highly variable features of volcanoes. Within such contexts, volcanic volatiles play a key role in magma transport, and impact on the style and timing of volcanic eruptions. Gas chemical and isotopic compositions may change over time, reflecting variations in the magmatic feeding systems of volcanoes. As the magma rises from depth, the decreasing pressure allows volatile species to partition into the gas phase. Bubbles form, grow, and coalesce, and gases start to flow through the vesciculated magma. Eventually, fluid and gases reach the surface and are released into the atmosphere through soil degassing, fumarolic vents, or bubbling through a water surface, forming large plumes or explosive eruption columns.

Volcanic emissions can also have significant impacts on the terrestrial environment, atmospheric composition, climate, and human health at various temporal and spatial scales. For instance, sulfur dioxide emissions can cause acid rain and influence aerosol formation, and if an eruption column reaches the stratosphere, it causes global dimming and a lowering of the Earth’s surface temperatures that may last for years. Similarly, halogens can dramatically affect proximal ecosystems, influence the oxidation capacity of the troposphere, and alter the stratospheric ozone layer.

Understanding the physicochemical processes underlying volcanic eruptions has improved tremendously through major advances in computational and analytical capabilities, instrumentation and monitoring networks, thereby improving the ability to reduce volcanic hazards. This session focuses on all aspects of volcanic volatile degassing in the Earth’s system through case studies and theoretical and multidisciplinary approaches. We invite contributions discussing how novel measurement techniques, field measurements, direct and remote ground and space-based observations, and modeling studies of volcanic degassing can provide new insights into volcanic and atmospheric processes at local and global scales.
Finally, but significantly, we strongly encourage critical contributions that offer alternative explanations and viewpoints, willingness to consider new ideas supported by evidence, and with the potential to improve the ability to forecast eruptions.

Geothermal systems driven by magmatic activity are multifaceted and complex systems that represent both a significant hazard and a potential opportunity for nearby populations.
In recent years, the presence of supercritical fluids (T > 400 °C) has for instance gain major attention as they offer significantly more energy potential than conventional geothermal operations. Due to high concentration in elements as Cl and S, the high-T fluids may also carry significant amounts of metals as Cu, Au, Mo, Pb or Se and (supercritical) geothermal production in volcanic systems thus has the potential to become a more sustainable method than traditional mining. Yet, the circulation of hot (100 °C < T < 900 °C) and generally acidic fluids also affects the surrounding rocks mineralogy, porosity, permeability, and mechanical stability, which can trigger seismicity or flank collapse of volcanoes, major hazards in populated and oceanic areas.
The development of numerical simulations for risk mitigation or future operations not only requires a better understanding of fluids, magmas and rocks properties in these complex systems, but also of new formalism adapted to supercritical or CO2/salt-rich conditions.
With this session, we wish to invite petrologists, geochemists, geophysicists, experimentalists and modelers to discuss the conditions of formation, circulation and release of (magmatic)-hydrothermal fluids in volcanic systems and how their interaction with magmas and surrounding rocks may affect the evolution of the geothermal system. Contributions on the properties of the high-T fluids, the extent and timescales of hydrothermal alteration in different settings, rock properties or the development of local to large-scale THMC models are all welcomed.

Glaciers and ice sheets interact with volcanoes in several ways, including instances where volcanic/geothermal activity alters glacier dynamics or mass balance, via subglacial eruptions or the deposition of supraglacial tephra. Glaciers can also impact volcanism, for example by directly influencing mechanisms of individual eruptions resulting in the construction of distinct edifices. Glaciers may also influence patterns of eruptive activity when mass balance changes adjust the load on volcanic systems, the water resources and hydrothermal systems. However, because of the remoteness of many glacio-volcanic environments, these interactions remain poorly understood, although they are particularly important in polar and high-latitude regions, including coastal and marine settings where ice dynamics affect landscapes from frozen summits to shorelines and the seafloor.

Hazards associated with glacier-volcano interaction can vary from lava flows to volcanic ash, lahars, landslides, pyroclastic flows, submarine eruptions or glacial outburst floods. These can happen consecutively or simultaneously and affect not only the earth, but also glaciers, rivers and the atmosphere. As accumulating, melting, ripping or drifting glaciers generate signals as well as degassing, inflating/deflating or erupting volcanoes, the challenge is to study, understand and ultimately discriminate these potentially coexisting signals. This challenge also extends to coastal and submarine environments, where coupled cryosphere–volcanic–oceanic processes can impact signals and deposition dynamics on the seafloor. We wish to fully include geophysical observations of current and recent events with geological observations and interpretations of deposits of past events.

We invite contributions that deal with the mitigation of the hazards associated with ice-covered volcanoes or studies focused on volcanic impacts on glaciers and vice versa. Research on recent activity is especially welcomed. This includes geological observations, e.g. of deposits in the field or remote-sensing data, together with experimental and modelling approaches. We particularly encourage abstracts that includes multi-scale and technology-driven approaches. We also invite contributions from any part of the world and other planets on past activity, glaciovolcanic deposits and studies that address climate and environmental change through glaciovolcanic studies.

Volcanic systems are dynamic entities, shaped by the interplay of magmatic, tectonic and geomorphological processes. This session will explore the mechanisms that drive their construction, deformation and evolution, from magma ascent and emplacement to the surface expression of volcanic landforms. Contributions examining the interaction between tectonic stress fields and volcanic activity in influencing edifice growth, deformation and the development of distinctive morphological features in various tectonic and climatic settings are particularly welcome. The geomorphological and sedimentary consequences of volcanism, such as the erosion, transport and redeposition of volcaniclastic materials, are also crucial as they reshape landscapes and affect terrestrial and submarine environments alike. We strongly encourage multidisciplinary approaches, including field studies, remote sensing, geophysical methods and laboratory analyses, to capture the complexities of volcanic systems throughout their lifecycle. Given the prevalence of coastal and submarine volcanic settings, investigations addressing submarine morphology and geophysical characteristics are of particular interest. Case studies from various tectonic environments, including arc, rift, hotspot and intraplate settings, will provide valuable comparative insights. By bringing together volcanology, structural geology, marine geology, geomorphology, and sedimentology, this session aims to promote discussion on how volcanotectonic processes influence volcanic landform evolution and its implications for hazard assessment and risk reduction.

In sedimentary volcanism, underground sediments, water and gases ascend to the surface, both inland and offshore, within a compressive tectonic regime. The ejected material builds up edifices resembling volcanoes, hence the term Mud Volcanoes (MVs). Some of these structures exhibit paroxysmal activity, characterized by violent gas blasts or sudden expulsions, releasing huge volumes of mud that represent a severe geohazard. In general, MVs emit significant CH4 and minor CO2 and light hydrocarbons amounts affecting the life cycles of animals and plants.
MVs constitute natural laboratories for investigating several poorly understood processes, such as geochemical and physical dynamics during ongoing eruptions, the interaction between faulting and fluid reservoirs, the hydrological cycle or periodic inflation-deflation cycles at the crustal scale (e.g., those driven by Earth tides), as well as their buried structure.
MVs are often hosted within Nature Reserves that provide a safe environment for monitoring activities, whose main goal is to intercept potential precursors of paroxysmal events. Moreover, since these Reserves are visited by many people every year, monitoring is crucial not only for scientific purposes but also for ensuring the safety of visitors and nearby populations.
This session is addressed to investigations of:
- the reconstruction of the deep engine dynamics of MV activity and their stratigraphic structure;
- the processes that form mud volcanos and drive material migration to the surface;
- the hydrological regime and its influence on MV activity;
- outcomes from long-term monitoring and spot-survey;
- the interplay between the regional/local seismicity and MV activity, as manifestation of crustal dynamics;
- the remote sensing terrain and surface modeling, and geophysical imaging;
- the impact of MVs activity on ecosystems and climate.
Multidisciplinary approaches to the MVs study, aimed at identifying reliable indicators of their activity state, are welcome.

The session deals with the documentation and modelling of the tectonic, deformation and geodetic features of any type of volcanic area, on Earth and in the Solar System. The focus is on advancing our understanding on any type of deformation of active and non-active volcanoes, on the associated behaviours, and the implications for hazards. We welcome contributions based on results from fieldwork, remote-sensing studies, geodetic and geophysical measurements, analytical, analogue and numerical simulations, and laboratory studies of volcanic rocks.
Studies may be focused at the regional scale, investigating the tectonic setting responsible for and controlling volcanic activity, both along divergent and convergent plate boundaries, as well in intraplate settings. At a more local scale, all types of surface deformation in volcanic areas are of interest, such as elastic inflation and deflation, or anelastic processes, including caldera and flank collapses. Deeper, sub-volcanic deformation studies, concerning the emplacement of intrusions, as sills, dikes and laccoliths, are most welcome. We also particularly welcome geophysical data aimed at understanding magmatic processes during volcano unrest. These include geodetic studies obtained mainly through GPS and InSAR, as well as at their modelling to imagine sources.

The session includes, but is not restricted to, the following topics:
• volcanism and regional tectonics;
• formation of magma chambers, laccoliths, and other intrusions;
• dyke and sill propagation, emplacement, and arrest;
• earthquakes and eruptions;
• caldera collapse, resurgence, and unrest;
• flank collapse;
• volcano deformation monitoring;
• volcano deformation and hazard mitigation;
• volcano unrest;
• mechanical properties of rocks in volcanic areas.

Explosive eruptions can generate large volumes of juvenile and lithic material (tephra), which can be transported vast distances from the volcano. Depending upon the eruption style and/or the interaction with external factors (e.g., water), the processes involved in the generation and dispersion of the tephra can be varied, and this diversity can enhance, and/or preclude, its effective preservation in the geological record – a key input for hazard assessments. By better understanding the syn- and post-eruptive processes involved in tephra-generating eruptions, our ability to prepare for and mitigate against a wide range of hazards (e.g., impacts on health, infrastructure and the economy) vastly improves, in turn in turn reducing the impact of explosive eruptions on society.
Advancements in volcanology since the early 2000’s have seen a steady increase in our understanding of the way tephra is generated, transported and deposited, and has facilitated a much more comprehensive understanding of (1) how frequently explosive eruptions occur on a global scale, (2) how different volcanic systems behave, and (3) the timescales upon which different hazards may emerge across different regions. Coupled with advances in numerical/computational tephra dispersion modelling, we are becoming increasingly informed of past eruptions and their processes, as well as the tracking and forecasting of current and real-time explosive eruptions.
We invite contributions that continue to improve our understanding of explosive eruption dynamics through the study of tephra emission, dispersal, and preservation; encouraging submissions from a variety of research themes including (but not limited to) physical volcanology, tephrochronology, geochemistry/petrology, stratigraphy, computer modelling, environmental management, and hazard forecasting. This session runs in parallel with an open call for paper submissions to a Geological Society of London and AGU GeoHorizons book volume titled “Tephra: from reconstructing past volcanic eruptions to modelling and forecasting future hazards” edited by Hodgetts et al. Thus, we particularly encourage submissions that demonstrate interdisciplinary science to further expand our knowledge of tephra-generating eruptions and their processes.
This session is sponsored by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI) Commission on Tephra Hazard Modelling (THM) and Commission on Tephrochronology (COT).

Explosive volcanic eruptions are sudden and violent events in a volcano’s life cycle. Despite significant advancements over the past decades, they remain largely unpredictable regarding onset, duration and style. Amongst the diverse volcanic hazards, pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) stand out as the most fatal.

PDCs are high-energy mixtures of hot gas and particles that travel down a volcano’s flanks, driven by a combination of initial particle momentum and gravity, and influenced by local topography and vegetation. While their internal dynamics remain poorly constrained, deposit analyses suggest large variability in particle concentration, velocity and temperature. As sedimentary features vary quickly over close range, all those factors are likely highly dynamic in space and time. Although commonly associated with major explosive eruptions, PDCs can also be generated by the collapse of lava domes, flow fronts, or hot deposits during moderately explosive or even effusive activity. The impacts of such events can rival or exceed those of more classically explosive eruptions. Recent advances in numerical modelling have improved our ability to simulate key aspects of PDC behaviour, from generation to deposition, significantly contributing to our understanding of their dynamics.

This session aims to bring together researchers working on all facets of PDCs, from field studies and laboratory experiments to remote sensing and numerical modelling. By fostering interdisciplinary dialogue, we aim to advance understanding, improve hazard assessment and reduce risk in future eruptions.

Seismic and infrasound observations are essential for monitoring and understanding volcanic systems, providing complementary constraints on subsurface dynamics, eruptive processes, and atmospheric interactions. However, the interpretation of these data is challenging: volcanic heterogeneity, steep topography, and atmospheric variability significantly distort both seismic and acoustic signals, while diverse source mechanisms—from magma migration to explosive eruptions—produce a wide range of waveforms that remain difficult to understand comprehensively. These complexities demand high-resolution imaging, advanced source inversion strategies, and integrated analyses that leverage both seismic and acoustic datasets.
This session invites contributions from researchers in volcano seismology, infrasound, and related fields, focusing on (i) seismicity and infrasound catalogues and their spatio-temporal evolution, (ii) wave propagation, scattering, and atmospheric effects, (iii) high-resolution imaging of volcanic structures, (iv) joint seismic–acoustic source inversions, and (v) time-lapse monitoring and forecasting. Studies on geothermal analogues, novel instrumentation, and emerging analysis methodologies (e.g., machine learning) are also welcome. By fostering cross-disciplinary dialogue between seismologists, acoustic specialists, and numerical modellers, this session aims to highlight recent advances and key challenges in characterizing volcanic processes and improving hazard assessment

Monitoring volcanic hazards through the combination of field observations, satellite data and numerical models presents extremely complex challenges, from the identification and quantification of hazardous phenomena during pre-/syn-eruptive phases to the assessment of impact and risk to people and property.

This session welcomes contributions addressing open questions in the study and modelling of volcanic processes and associated hazards, including but not limited to field and satellite data analysis, physico-mathematical formulations of natural processes, probabilistic forecasting, data assimilation and data fusion, and the development and application of numerical methods. We particularly encourage interdisciplinary contributions that bridge traditional volcano monitoring with emerging innovations in computational science, statistical analysis, Machine Learning (ML), and Artificial Intelligence (AI).

The objectives of the session include: (i) expanding knowledge of complex volcanic processes and their spatio-temporal dynamics; (ii) advancing methods for monitoring, modelling, and forecasting of volcanic phenomena; (iii) assessing the robustness of models through validation against real case studies, analytical solutions, and laboratory experiments; (iv) quantifying uncertainty propagation through both forward (sensitivity analysis) and inverse (optimisation/calibration) modelling; and (v) exploring the potential of AI- and ML-driven techniques to integrate and process multidisciplinary datasets for improved volcanic hazard assessment, risk reduction, mitigation strategies, and decision-support applications.

Volcanic activity plays a key role in modulating atmospheric processes at both regional and global scales. Explosive eruptions, persistent degassing, and aerosol emissions can significantly influence climate dynamics, yet their interactions with the coupled atmosphere-ocean system remain only partially understood. This session focuses on forward-looking strategies that combine multi-source data, real-time monitoring, and advanced modeling—including hybrid and data-driven approaches—to enhance our ability to monitor, interpret, and anticipate the climate impacts of volcanic activity. We welcome contributions that merge satellite, in situ, and paleo records with physical models and computational techniques. Emphasis is placed on detecting anomalies, identifying patterns, and quantifying both short- and long-term effects. Case studies of recent or historical major eruptions and the use of innovative analytical or simulation methods are particularly encouraged. The session promotes interdisciplinary dialogue among volcanology, atmospheric sciences, and computational modeling to advance understanding of how volcanic processes influence the climate system.

Our understanding of volcanic hazards is evolving rapidly, driven by breakthroughs in satellite Earth observation, novel ground-based instruments, and artificial intelligence. The integration of artificial intelligence techniques, including machine learning, facilitates the rapid analysis of vast datasets, uncovering hidden patterns and improving the forecasting of volcanic hazards. In an era where volcanic activity poses increasing risks to populations and infrastructure globally, leveraging multidisciplinary approaches is essential to enhance our ability to forecast eruptions and to assess volcanic hazards. By incorporating data from diverse sources—ranging from satellite platforms to ground-based sensors—researchers can build comprehensive models that better capture the complexity of volcanic systems. The session aims to highlight advances that are redefining how we detect, interpret, and respond to volcanic activity. Emphasis is placed on cross-disciplinary methods that couple remote sensing with machine learning, probabilistic frameworks, and impact assessment tools. We particularly encourage submissions that demonstrate advancement of knowledge in volcanology, near-real-time applications, scenario-based forecasting, and integration of diverse datastreams from ground-based and orbital platforms. By fostering collaboration across geophysics, computer science, and risk management, we seek to build a next-generation framework for volcanic hazard anticipation, response, and long-term resilience in the face of increasingly complex global challenges.

Volcanic eruptions are spectacular manifestations of natural forces that dynamically shape our planet. Their impacts spread from the geosphere to the hydrosphere and the atmosphere with the potential to have severe consequences at global scale. Within the volcanological community, forecasting volcanic eruptions remains a primary goal in volcanic hazards and risk mitigation. Over the past decades, the quantity and resolution of observations and the quality of monitoring resources have steadily increased, providing a wealth of data on the underlying physical processes that drive volcanic eruptions. Novel technological advancements have significantly broadened both the spatial coverage and frequency bandwidth of geochemical and geophysical observations at active volcanoes. By integrating multi-parametric data from both ground and space, scientists now gain an unprecedented vision of the surface manifestations of mass transport beneath volcanoes as well as the internal structure from static and functional imaging techniques. This enables the detection and tracking of subtle signals of volcanic unrest prior to eruption, even at remote or inaccessible volcanoes. These advancements have been accompanied by new models and processing techniques including with artificial intelligence and machine learning, leading to innovative paradigms for the interpretation and inversion of observational data (geophysical, geochemical, geological). Within this context, this session aims to convene a multidisciplinary audience for discussing the most recent innovations in monitoring tools and to present observations, methods, and models that enhance our understanding of volcanic processes fostering our capabilities in volcanic early warnings and risk reduction.

All science has uncertainty. Global challenges such as disaster risk, environmental degradation, and climate change illustrate that an effective dialogue between science and society requires clear communication of uncertainty. Responsible science communication conveys the challenges of managing uncertainty that is inherent in data, models and predictions, facilitating the society to understand the contexts where uncertainty emerges and enabling active participation in discussions. Uncertainty communication can play a major role across the risk management cycle, especially during decision-making, and should be tailored to the audience and the timing of delivery. Therefore, research on quantification and communication of uncertainties deepens our understanding of how to make scientific evidence more actionable in critical moments.

This session invites presentations by individuals and teams on communicating scientific uncertainty to non-expert audiences, addressing topics such as:

(1) Innovative and practical tools (e.g. from social or statistical research) for communicating uncertainty
(2) Pitfalls, challenges and solutions to communicating uncertainty with non-experts
(3) Communicating uncertainty in risk and crisis situations (e.g., natural hazards, climate change, public health crises)

Examples of research fitting into the categories above include a) new, creative ways to visualize different aspects of uncertainty, b) new frameworks to communicate the level of confidence associated with research, c) testing the effectiveness of existing tools and frameworks, such as the categories of “confidence” used in expert reports (e.g., IPCC), or d) research addressing the challenges of communicating high-uncertainty high-impact events.

This session encourages you to share your work and join a community of practice to inform and advance the effective communication of uncertainty in earth and space science.

The dynamics of magmatic systems are driven by complex processes that span from deep mantle melt generation to surface eruptions. These processes include: melt generation in the upper mantle and lower crust, magma transport, differentiation and emplacement in the crust, complex melt-rock interactions, genesis of energy and mineral resources, and volcanic extrusions with related hazards. Such fluid-mechanical and thermo-chemical processes emerge at sub-millimetre to kilometre scales and second to million-year times, and involve different phases, such as liquid melt, solid crystals, volatile fluids, and pyroclasts. Understanding these processes requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining observations, experiments, and computational methods including forward and inverse modelling and machine learning.

Despite the crucial role of computational methods in integrating and interpreting data from various sources, there has been limited progress in establishing a dedicated community within volcanic, petrology, and magmatic studies. This session aims to address this gap by focusing on computational approaches applied to these areas. We seek to bring together researchers working on forward and inverse modelling, machine learning, and other computational methods to foster a thriving community which complements well established observational and experimental communities.

We encourage contributions that explore the theory, application, and validation of computational approaches in the context of experimental and observational data. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

- Multiphase flow dynamics
- Thermodynamics and phase equilibria
- Magma transport and storage
- Chemical and rheological melt-rock interactions
- Crystallization and degassing processes
- Energy and mineral resource genesis
- Magma-hydrothermal interactions
- Eruption dynamics and hazards

This session aims to provide a platform for in-depth technical discussions that are challenging to facilitate in broader multidisciplinary sessions, ultimately fostering a stronger computational community within volcanic and magmatic studies.

Tephra research is inherently multidisciplinary. A single tephra bed may be used to inform the date of an event (tephrochronology), volcanology (e.g. size of an eruption, eruption dynamics, atmospheric dispersal), volcanic source attribution and magma genesis (geochemistry, petrology), relationship between societies and the environment (human geography, archeology), etc. and enable researchers to assess social, environmental, and global impacts (e.g. public health, ecology, landscape evolution, climate, and beyond). Tephra data and metadata are commonly disconnected and stored in different databases inhibiting researchers from accessing available data resources. The premise to utilizing these multidisciplinary data sets relies on the proper collection, management, and documentation of all related products in accessible, ideally integrated formats.

Through cohesive efforts to standardize best practices related to collection, analysis, and reporting of tephra data, we will facilitate answering interdisciplinary questions with global benefits. The global tephra community continues to work towards creating and publishing data that is Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Re-usable (FAIR). This has been exemplified through the creation of cyberstructures focused from data collection (e.g. StraboSpot), to data reporting and archiving (e.g. common templates), to data preservation in terminal repositories (e.g. IEDA2’s EarthChem and SESAR, GeoDIVA, and TephraBase), to data (re)analysis (e.g. VICTOR).

In this session, we invite contributions across all fields of tephra science that integrate diverse datasets from multiple disciplines and/or field and laboratory methodologies through data visualization, numerical modeling, and statistical analyses. We especially encourage submissions that present their data work flows, best practices, and advances in cyberinfrastructure (applications, tools, data systems, repositories, etc.).

This session is sponsored by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI) Commission on Tephrochronology (COT).

In recent years, technologies based on Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as image processing, smart sensors, and intelligent inversion, have garnered significant attention from researchers in the geosciences community. These technologies offer the promise of transitioning geosciences from qualitative to quantitative analysis, unlocking new insights and capabilities previously thought unattainable.
One of the key reasons for the growing popularity of AI in geosciences is its unparalleled ability to efficiently analyze vast datasets within remarkably short timeframes. This capability empowers scientists and researchers to tackle some of the most intricate and challenging issues in fields like Geophysics, Seismology, Hydrology, Planetary Science, Remote Sensing, and Disaster Risk Reduction.
As we stand on the cusp of a new era in geosciences, the integration of artificial intelligence promises to deliver more accurate estimations, efficient predictions, and innovative solutions. By leveraging algorithms and machine learning, AI empowers geoscientists to uncover intricate patterns and relationships within complex data sources, ultimately advancing our understanding of the Earth's dynamic systems. In essence, artificial intelligence has become an indispensable tool in the pursuit of quantitative precision and deeper insights in the fascinating world of geosciences.
For this reason, aim of this session is to explore new advances and approaches of AI in Geosciences.

Fibre optic based techniques allow probing highly precise point and distributed sensing of the full ground motion wave-field including translation, rotation and strain, as well as environmental parameters such as temperature at a scale and to an extent previously unattainable with conventional geophysical sensors. Considerable improvements in optical and atom interferometry enable new concepts for inertial rotation, translational displacement and acceleration sensing. Laser reflectometry on commercial fibre optic cables allows for the first time spatially dense and temporally continuous sensing of the ocean’s floor, successfully detecting a variety of signals including microseism, local and teleseismic earthquakes, volcanic events, ocean dynamics, etc. Significant breakthrough in the use of fibre optic sensing techniques came from the new ability to interrogate telecommunication cables to high temporal and spatial precision across a wide range of environments. Applications based on this new type of data are numerous, including: seismic source and wave-field characterisation with single point observations in harsh environments such as active volcanoes and the seafloor, seismic ambient noise interferometry, earthquake and tsunami early warning, and infrastructure stability monitoring.

We welcome contributions on developments in instrumental and theoretical advances, applications and processing with fibre optic point and/or distributed multi-sensing techniques, light polarization and transmission analyses, using standard telecommunication and/or engineered fibre cables. We seek studies on theoretical, instrumental, observation and advanced processing across all solid earth fields, including seismology, volcanology, glaciology, geodesy, geophysics, natural hazards, oceanography, urban environment, geothermal applications, laboratory studies, large-scale field tests, planetary exploration, gravitational wave detection, fundamental physics. We encourage contributions on data analysis techniques, novel applications, machine learning, data management, instrumental performance and comparison as well as new experimental, field, laboratory, modelling studies in fibre optic sensing studies.

Motivation

Although in some communities (e.g., meteorology, climate science) the tradition of software writing has a long history, most scientists are not trained software engineers. For early-stage scientific software projects, which are typically developed within small research groups, there is often little expectation that the code will (1) be used by a larger community, (2) be further developed or extended by others, or (3) be integrated into larger projects. This can lead to an “organic” evolution of code bases that result in challenges related to documentation, maintainability, usability, reusability, and the overall quality of the software and its results.

The wider availability of large computing resources in recent decades, along with the emergence of large datasets and increasingly complex numerical models, has made it more important than ever for scientific software to be well-designed, documented, and maintainable. However, (1) established practices in scientific programming, (2) pressures to produce high-quality results efficiently, and (3) rapidly growing user and developer communities, can make it challenging for scientific software projects to

- follow a common set of standards and a style,
- are fully documented,
- are user-friendly, and
- can be maintained, easily extended or reused.

Session content and objectives

We invite developers or users of software projects to prepare presentations about the challenges and successes in the following topics

- Good practices for developing scientific software
- Modularization
- Documentation
- Linting
- Version control
- Open source and open development
- Automatization of quality checks and unit testing
- Planning new projects
- User requirements and the user-turned-developer problem
- Painless and energy-efficient programming solutions across computing architectures
- Modularization and reliability vs performance and multiplatform capacity
- Large-dataset compression and storage workflows

These presentations will show how different projects across geoscientific fields tackle these problems. We can discuss new strategies for bettering scientific software development and raising awareness within the scientific community that robust and well-structured software development enables meaningful and reproducible results, supports researchers —especially doctoral and post-doctoral students— in their work, and accelerates advances in data- and modelling-driven science.

Thermal remote sensing is an increasingly popular technique employing passive sensors to detect Earth’s surface properties from the emitted radiation in the Thermal Infrared (TIR) domain. The main focus of TIR remote sensing is the evaluation of the thermal state of an object or surface, and its associated surface temperature and emissivity. These properties are widely relevant in several frameworks for geological, environmental, climate, agricultural, biological, and engineering purposes.

Recent technological advancements have supported the development of the TIR remote sensing, as satellite sensor and data infrastructure systems are now able to collect and manage a large amount of high-fidelity TIR data with different spatial and temporal resolutions. Further, beside the airborne- and ground-based measurement systems, the Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and drones are increasingly considered as versatile platforms concerning the temporal resolution ensuring high spatial resolution.

This session aims to deal with the main emerged and still emerging research directions of TIR remote sensing, as well as discussing the next challenges for this community. Examples of welcome contributions are the new frontiers, case studies, and data integration analysis related to:

• Geosciences: volcanoes, hydrothermal systems, geothermal potential, mineral exploration, rare earths, cryosphere.

• Climate, Urban Systems, and Ecosystems: urban heat islands, global warming impacts, ecosystem stress, forest health, fire risk assessment, water management.

• Agriculture and Precision Farming: crop stress monitoring, irrigation management, soil analysis and pest/disease monitoring.

• Technological and Methodological Innovations: new sensors for satellite, airborne, UAS and in-situ platforms, multi-platform and/or multi-sensor data integration, Cal/Val activities.

• Data Processing and Infrastructure: approaches for managing and processing large TIR datasets, data fusion techniques, advanced algorithms for atmospheric correction and temperature and emissivity separation.

Multi-disciplinary studies and contributions from the Early Career Scientists are welcome.

Drones are increasingly being used in geophysical surveys thanks to their flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and ability to operate in otherwise inaccessible or hazardous areas. This session will focus on recent advances, applications, and challenges in drone-based geophysics, including both fixed-wing and rotary-wing platforms. Contributions are welcome on novel sensor developments, data acquisition strategies, processing workflows, and case studies across disciplines such as magnetics, electromagnetics, gravity, ground-penetrating radar, seismics, and remote sensing. We also encourage interdisciplinary works that integrate drone geophysics with geological, environmental, or engineering applications.
This session aims to bring together researchers, practitioners, and industry to discuss opportunities and limitations of UAV-based geophysical methods, foster collaborations, and highlight emerging trends shaping the future of applied geosciences.

The North European (Caledonian), North American (Appalachian), and European–North African (Variscan) Paleozoic orogenic belts are a complex collage of accreted terranes and oceanic sutures defined by magmatism, deformation, and metamorphism. These orogenic belts do not represent isolated systems, detailed mapping and geochronological work has shown that subduction of oceanic crust in the Iapetan and Rheic systems was at least partly coeval. In addition, late Paleozoic overprinting of earlier orogenic features by tectonic and thermal events has obscured crucial geochronological, structural, and geochemical records. As a result, defining the continuity between individual terranes and oceanic sutures of various age in different areas remains a significant challenge. To address these issues, we invite colleagues across Earth Sciences to contribute to advancing our understanding of geodynamic processes and the large-scale organization of this complex orogenic collage. We particularly welcome detailed petrological, structural, geochronological, and multidisciplinary regional studies, as well as lithospheric- to mantle-scale modeling studies that target an integrated picture of Paleozoic re-arrangement of continents and ocean.

The Caribbean region is an ideal natural laboratory for studying long- and short-term deformation processes along plate boundaries. Indeed, while the Caribbean plate individualized at least 140 Ma ago, its boundaries are still deforming today. Earthquakes in the region are a stark reminder of the threats posed by active deformation along the densely populated boundaries of the Caribbean plate, where human exposure and vulnerability are often very high. Over the past few decades, these boundaries have been the focus of extensive international research, leading to a better understanding of the geodynamics of the region and the wider geological processes that occur in subduction and slip zones. These include studies of fluids, seismicity, deformation partitioning and mantle dynamics, as well as the reorganization of plate boundaries in response to changes in plate kinematics - such as suturing, migration, extinction or initiation of volcanic arcs, and vertical motions. Geochronological and geochemical investigations have been equally critical, offering time constraints to unravel the evolution of the Caribbean plate and its boundaries. High-precision dating of magmatic and metamorphic rocks delivers a detailed record of the timing of arc initiation, collisions, and terrane accretion. Isotopes and trace element geochemistry, on the other hand, reveal insights into mantle sources, crustal recycling, and fluid–melt interactions in subduction settings. Together with geophysical data, these approaches provide an integrated perspective on how the Caribbean has developed over time and how it continues to evolve today.

The Tethyan Belt is the most prominent collisional zone on Earth, covering the vast area between far eastern Asia and Europe. The geological-tectonic evolution of the belt shows along-strike heterogeneity between its various regions, including the Indo-Burman Range, the Tibetan-Himalayan region, the Iranian Plateau, Anatolia and the Alps. The Tethyan Belt is the result of the subduction of the Tethyan Oceans, including significant terrane amalgamation, and collisional tectonics along the whole belt. The belt is today strongly affected by the ongoing convergence and collision between the Eurasian, African, Arabian and Indian plates. The long formation history and the variability of tectonic characteristics and deep structures of the belt make it a natural laboratory for understanding the accretion processes that have shaped the Earth through its history and have led to the formation of vast resources in the crust. A major role in the evolution of life by the Tethyan evolution has also been proposed.

We invite contributions based on geological, tectonic, geophysical and geodynamic studies of the Tethyan Belt. We particularly invite interdisciplinary studies, which integrate observational data and interpretations based on a variety of methods. This session will include contributions on the whole suite of studies of the Tethyan Belt with the aim of providing a comprehensive overview of its formation and evolution.