This session aims at gathering contributions that use modeling, laboratory, field observations, archives, or remote sensing methods, or a combination thereof, to evaluate these evolving processes in Alpine and Arctic regions. We welcome submissions that address these processes across a wide range of timescales, from sub-daily to multi-millennial, including those focused on these dynamics during past climate variations. Additionally, we are interested in research contributions focused on diverse glaciated environments from small alpine glaciers to large Arctic deltas. Research that addresses the changes that occur as climate warms and how these processes interact with other aspects of the Earth system, including glacier dynamics, sea ice, and river deltas, is of particular interest for this session.
Global warming has a major impact on the cryosphere. Mountains worldwide are witnessing the inexorable loss of glaciers, the degradation of permafrost, and a growing frequency of droughts and extreme precipitation events. Whereas many eyes are pointed to the loss of beauty, biodiversity, and freshwater resources, as well as to the catastrophic collapses of mountain slopes around the globe, only little attention is deserved to the new emerging post-glacial landscapes. A narrow belt of land remains bare for the time required to vegetation to adapt and migrate to higher elevations. This bare land is often characterized by fine sand and big boulders, unconsolidated debris, and over-steepened slopes that easily become unstable and can generate large amount of sediment which, if mobilized, may threaten the downstream valleys.
The paraglacial adjustment may require hundreds of years to reach equilibrium. In the classical model, the peak of sediment yield is expected to come immediately after the onset of the deglaciation, to then gradually decline towards a long-term equilibrium. Yet, climatic or anthropogenic perturbations can significantly modify the expected decline in sediment yield over time. Increased frequency of extreme precipitation events, associated with shifts in snowfall cover and with the increase of unconsolidated sediment, may create unprecedented conditions where enormous amount of sediment may be available to be mobilized and transported to the valley bottoms. Quantifying these volumes, and especially understanding the peaks around the expected sediment-transport curve, is fundamental for the communities living in high mountain areas, for river system management, and for the mitigation of risks associated with debris-flood events. In this context, it becomes essential to understand: 1) where are we along the paraglacial adjustment curve, and especially, 2) what frequency and intensity should be expected for the climate-induced peaks in sediment yield.
In the Sulden/Solda catchment (South Tirol, Italy) ongoing investigations aim to address these questions. New cosmogenic data allows to estimate average sediment production over centennial timescales, whereas modern digital elevation models allow to quantify recent average values. Interestingly, preliminary data indicates that long-term and modern averages are very similar, rising a new set of questions rather than answering those posed above. Are we still on the rising limb of the paraglacial curve? Or did sediment yield decline and are we witnessing the effects of global warming? And how do extreme precipitation events enter in the picture? Hopefully, by May, some of these questions will have been answered, and it will be a pleasure to discuss them at EGU.
How to cite: Savi, S., Pandey, A., Bookhagen, B., Mura, F., Andreoli, A., and Comiti, F.: Disappearing glaciers and emerging landscapes: new opportunities or rising risks?, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-10994, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-10994, 2026.
Rapid cryosphere degradation is profoundly transforming hydrological processes in glacierized catchments worldwide. In subarctic environments, glacier retreat progressively reduces the direct contribution of ice melt to streamflow, while other cryospheric and periglacial components become increasingly influential, often in transient and non-linear ways. In particular, permafrost thaw and the reorganization of periglacial landscapes give rise to new, evolving pathways for water storage and transfer.
Over the past decade, we have examined these dynamics in the Shä́r Ndü Chù Duke River watershed, located within Kluane First Nation territory in the St. Elias Mountain Green Belt. Long-term observations reveal that the various cryospheric components of deglaciating valleys respond at different rates, leading to asynchronous shifts in hydrological and hydrogeological processes. As a result, the watershed functions as a continuously evolving hydrosystem rather than progressing toward a single, stable post-glacial state.
Our investigation combines ground-based and drone-borne geophysical surveys, thermal infrared and LiDAR observations, hydrometeorological monitoring, and hydrochemical tracers to characterize both surface and subsurface processes. These complementary methods highlight the growing role of groundwater in watershed outflows, driven by the widespread development of debris-covered and buried ice and by the mantling of formerly glacierized terrain. Such conditions modify surface energy exchanges and promote a transition from relatively direct surface runoff to enhanced infiltration and complex subsurface drainage networks.
Dynamic periglacial landforms, including rock glaciers containing long-lived debris-insulated ice, further disrupt surface–groundwater connectivity and redistribute flow paths across the landscape. Although debris cover slows the degradation of buried ice and permafrost relative to exposed ice, continued cryospheric loss remains inevitable. Collectively, our results demonstrate that hydrological routing in deglaciating subarctic catchments is highly transient, with important implications for the timing, magnitude, and sustainability of northern water resources under continued climate warming.
How to cite: Baraer, M., Charonnat, B., Valence, É., Tjoelker, A., McKenzie, J., Masse-Dufresne, J., Dimech, A., and Mark, B.: Transient hydrosystems in deglaciating subarctic catchments: insights from a decade of research in the St. Elias Mountain Green Belt, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-15188, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-15188, 2026.
Floodplain sediment records may provide important information on soil erosion and deposition rates over large catchments and for different time windows. In this context, the use of anthropogenic and geogenic radiotracers has recently attracted increasing attention for their ability to act as sediment markers and to reflect the environmental impacts due to variation in land use and recent climate changes. 137Cs is one of the most employed radiotracers for sediment chronology due to its easy detectability in the environment and to its strong ability to be retained by sediments in depositional areas. 137Cs activity in sediments reflects the temporal fallout occurred in the area and, as such, it proved to be a very effective indicator to reconstruct the trend of soil erosion and sedimentation rates during the last 6-7 decades. In this contribution, a floodplain area in northern Norway was identified as a ‘pilot site’ to explore possible anthropogenic impacts and climate change effects on deposition rates from uncultivated sites. Sediment cores collected in the area were analysed for 137Cs content and provided evidence of Chernobyl fallout. This result made it possible to obtain information on sedimentation rates for different time windows (i.e. 1963-1986 and 1986-2024) and suggested an increase of sedimentation rates during the last 4 decades.
How to cite: Porto, P., Habel, M., Kaczmarek, H., Szymańska-Walkiewicz, M., and Brzezińska, M.: Using 137Cs measurements to detect changes in sedimentation rates in a floodplain area of northern Norway. Preliminary results of a field sampling campaign, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-5783, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-5783, 2026.
The hydrological regimes in high-latitude river systems might be altered in future by climate change and its arctic amplification, leading to substantial changes in sediment concentrations and discharge. Ice cover and sediment dynamics in arctic and subarctic rivers also control nutrients and biogeochemical cycles, which have an impact on water quality and marine flora and fauna. Therefore, our primary objective is to detect the seasonal changes in the ice cover and sediment concentration in water in the subarctic estuary using remote sensing. The Masjok River is one of the major tributaries of the Tana River estuary, with a catchment area of 568.11 km², and was selected as the research area. Sediment transport in situ data were obtained during field missions in 2024 and 2025. River ice dynamics were observed using the Normalised Difference Snow Index (NDSI), and the seasonal variation of suspended sediment was observed using two indices, namely the Normalised Difference Suspended Sediment Index (NDSSI) and the Normalised Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI). The Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform was used for creating the indices using Sentinel-2 MSI datasets. The results of this study indicate that suspended sediment concentrations and turbidity are high during the spring ice breakup season and lower in winter. Ice melting in the river and surrounding valleys generates very high spring discharge, which accelerates erosion and transports large sediment loads from the Masjok River to the Tana River. The first day of ice-free conditions in the Masjok River and surrounding areas occurs earlier. At the same time, the long-term discharge data suggest there was no drop in total and maximum discharge in the last 30 years. The experimental framework offers a comprehensive analysis of the interactions between ice, sediment, and discharge in the context of climate change. The findings of this research will advance the modelling of Arctic hydrology, which has significant ramifications for the management of water resources, ecological monitoring, and sediment transport in the Arctic.
Keywords: Masjok River, suspended sediment, turbidity, river ice-cover, Sentinel-2.
This research is financed by grant RID/SP/0048/2025/01, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Title: Influence of environmental drivers on the variability of fine sediment transport in a subarctic river – case study of the Tana River, PI: Marta Brzezińska, Kazimierz Wielki University
How to cite: Hati, J. P., Kaczmarek, H., Acharyya, R., Habel, M., Porto, P., Brzezińska, M., Koffi, B., Mukhopadhyay, A., and Szymańska-Walkiewicz, M.: Climate-Driven Changes in Ice Phenology and Sediment Dynamics of the Masjok River, Northern Norway, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-18534, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-18534, 2026.
Glacier margins fluctuate in response to climate change and often record these changes in the landscape by building ice-marginal (terminal and lateral) moraines. Glacial landscapes are therefore a potentially valuable archive of terrestrial palaeoclimate change. Typically a cooling climate causes glaciers to expand and warming causes glaciers to shrink. However, the dynamic glacier response time and the influence of high-relief mountainous topography on glacier dynamics complicates this behaviour, such that ice-marginal moraines are not always a straightforward record of palaeoglacier or palaeoclimate change. In tectonically active landscapes, such as the Southern Alps Kā Tiritiri o te Moana of Aotearoa New Zealand, high rates of hillslope erosion deliver large volumes of sediment to glaciers, leading to the formation of supraglacial debris layers that further decouple glacier behaviour from climate change.
We use the higher-order ice-flow model iSOSIA to simulate changes in erosion, ice extent and thickness in the response to Late Quaternary climate change and the resulting formation and preservation of moraines in a synthetic mountainous landscape. Our results show that the rate of palaeoclimate change relative to a glacier’s response time determines the geometry, number, and position of ice-marginal moraines, that glaciers can build distinct moraines in the absence of climate change, and that the distance from the glacial maximum may not represent the chronological order of moraine formation. While moraines can be preserved despite erosion by various surface processes and by being overrun during subsequent glaciations, moraine sequences frequently contain gaps that could be misinterpreted as representing periods of climate stability. We apply this model to Franz Josef Glacier Ka Roimata o Hine Hukatere to reconstruct glacier evolution and moraine building in the Southern Alps Kā Tiritiri o te Moana during the Last Glacial Maximum and subsequent deglaciation.
How to cite: Rowan, A., Ploeg, K., Egholm, D., Clark, C., Pedersen, V., Mills, S., and Barrows, T.: Geomorphic and climatic controls on moraine building and preservation in the Southern Alps Kā Tiritiri o te Moana, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-4165, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-4165, 2026.
The European Alps and its unique features were largely formed from additive processes like
sediment deposition and subtractive processes such as glacial erosion. Spanning millions of
years, these processes that helped shape the Alps are not fully understood due to their complexity
and tenancy to be coupled with each other. Existing landscape evolution models that include
these processes are limited in their computational power - often only allowing a coarser spatial
resolution. A high spatial resolution, and by extension maintaining higher-order physics fidelity,
is also imperative in accurately reconstructing the Alps. We aim to address this limitation by
using the community-led Instructed Glacier Model (IGM) that leverages Graphical Processing
Units (GPUs) and scientific machine learning (SciML) to accelerate computation. Here, we adapt
IGM to be a landscape evolution model (LEM) by including relevant mechanisms for landscape
evolution such as glacial abrasion, quarrying, fluvial erosion, isostatic rebound, and hill-slope
processes.
To demonstrate its capacity, we first benchmark its results against traditional landscape evo-
lution models (i.e. iSOSIA), validating that, though IGM is a physics-informed machine learning
model, it remains a process-based LEM. We furthermore aim to show its efficiency at modeling
across a wide range of scales such as multiple alpine catchments as well as longer temporal
periods such as during the Quaternary. As such, we hope our modeling approach can be used
for various applications such as exploring how glaciers are linked to these underlying processes,
inverse problems to achieve better model-data agreements, and ensembles across long temporal
or spatial scales.
How to cite: Finley, B. D., Jouvet, G., Bernard, M., Leger, T. P. M., Cordonnier, G., and Herman, F.: Modeling the Alps across large spatial and temporal scales using theInstructed Glacier Model (IGM), EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-21891, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-21891, 2026.
Deltas are globally considered as one of the most vital socio-ecological systems, however their geo-hydrological regimes are gradually destabilized by change in climatic patterns. Based on this scenario, the research delves into a comparative study of two contrasting deltas comprising of Nelson River Delta in Canada situated in Global North and the Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta spatially occupying India and Bangladesh situated in Global South. Both deltas are significant ecological systems; The Nelson delta is characterized by boreal-subarctic wetland ecosystems, fisheries and traditional livelihood, on the other hand, the Ganges Delta marks a region of high population density characterized by complex interplay of natural and anthropogenic activities, fisheries, intensive agriculture and mangrove ecosystems. Impact of climatic shifts are evident in both deltas. In the Nelson River basin, altered snowmelt regimes and river discharge, accelerated thawing of permafrost coupled with flow regulation are leading to alteration in sediment delivery, coastal stability and ice breaking processes. While, Ganga delta is subjected to intense monsoon variability, frequent cyclones, sea level rise are augmenting issues like salinity intrusion, sediment redistribution and subsidence. These fluctuations have reconfigured geo-hydrological hazards by escalating the frequency and magnitude of bank erosion, floods, wetland degradation and coastal retreat. The consequences extend surpassing the physical processes to extensive changes in life and livelihoods of the residents evident from shifts in fish productivity, agriculture, food security and infrastructure vulnerability. Ecosystem services comprising of storm protection, carbon storage, biodiversity support and freshwater provision are either being modified or lost in both the regions. The research emphasizes the requirement for climate-responsive, place-based planning that constitutes sediment management, nature-based solutions, hydrological restoration and community-centered governance. Establishing resilience in both Global North and South need inclusive, adaptive and ecosystem-oriented strategies that would address accelerating hydrological and climatic uncertainties.
How to cite: Sinha Roy, S., Acharyya, T., Basu, S., Parven, A., and Mukhopadhyay, A.: Changing Geo-Hydrological Regime Over the Changing Climate: Global North to Global South, A Case Study: Nelson River Delta, Canada, and Ganges Delta, India., EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-17259, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-17259, 2026.
Low-lying deltaic regions across the world are increasingly transforming into “sinking landscapes” under the combined influence of sea-level rise, land subsidence, cryosphere change, and intensifying hydro-climatic extremes. This study examines human resilience in Arctic and Asian deltas through a comparative assessment of adaptive capacities, with a detailed case study from the Indian Sundarbans, one of the most climate-exposed mangrove delta systems globally. Although Arctic deltas and Asian tropical deltas differ markedly in climate, geomorphology, and socio-economic context, both are experiencing accelerated environmental change that threatens livelihoods, settlements, and ecosystem stability.
The research adopts an integrated socio-hydrological framework, combining geospatial analysis, secondary climate and hydrological datasets, and community-level vulnerability indicators. Arctic delta regions are analysed in terms of permafrost thaw, coastal erosion, and diminishing sea-ice protection, while the Sundarbans case highlights subsidence, cyclonic storm surges, tidal flooding, salinity intrusion, and sediment deprivation. In the Sundarbans, adaptive capacity is assessed through livelihood diversification (fishing, forest-based activities, and eco-tourism), seasonal and distress migration, mangrove-dependent ecosystem services, and community-based disaster risk reduction mechanisms.
Comparative analysis reveals parallel vulnerability pathways across Arctic and Asian deltas, including high dependence on natural resources, limited infrastructure, and governance challenges that constrain long-term adaptation. However, distinct adaptation strategies emerge. Arctic communities exhibit resilience through mobility, flexible settlement patterns, and indigenous ecological knowledge, while Sundarbans communities rely on ecosystem-based adaptation, collective coping practices, and incremental livelihood adjustments. Despite these strategies, both contexts face limits to adaptation as environmental change outpaces institutional and economic support systems.
The findings underscore that resilience in sinking landscapes is not solely determined by physical or technological interventions but is deeply embedded in social relations, cultural practices, and access to environmental resources. By foregrounding the Sundarbans as a representative Asian delta case, this study contributes to a comparative understanding of human adaptation across climatic extremes. The research offers policy-relevant insights for sustainable delta management, climate adaptation planning, and climate justice, emphasizing the need for locally grounded yet globally informed strategies to enhance resilience in vulnerable deltaic futures.
Keywords: Human resilience; Adaptive capacity; Sinking landscapes; Sundarbans delta; Arctic deltas; Socio-hydrology; Climate change adaptation; Delta vulnerability; Ecosystem-based adaptation
How to cite: Laha Salui, C.: Human Resilience in Sinking Landscapes: Comparing Adaptive Capacities across Arctic and Asian Deltas, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-3296, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-3296, 2026.
Glacierized catchments play an important role in regional and global water resources by storing, releasing, and redistributing freshwater. Stable water isotopes (SWI, δ¹⁸O and δ²H) are widely used to trace these processes, providing information on moisture sources, elevation and temperature effects, subsurface storage, and mixing between cryosphere and non-cryosphere components. They also allow quantifying the contributions of the cryosphere and hydrological component to the streamflow. Integrating SWI analysis into studies of glacierized catchments helps better quantify glacier contributions to regional water resources and assess how these contributions change under different climate conditions.
Despite decades of isotope-based studies in glacierized environments, SWI data remain fragmented across regions and hydrological components. In this study, we introduce the first global, harmonized database of SWI signatures from cryosphere and hydrological components in glacierized catchments, enabling a global synthesis of isotope patterns. The database compiles 12,348 isotope records from peer-reviewed literature, institutional repositories, and public data platforms published between 1960 and 2025. It integrates δ¹⁸O, δ²H, and derived d-excess values for a wide range of hydrological endmembers, including precipitation, snow, stream, groundwater, lake, snowpack, snowpack melt, glacier ice, glacier meltwater, supraglacial meltwater, firn, ice-cored moraines, talus slopes, rock glacier and permafrost thaw. Each record is georeferenced and accompanied by standardized metadata describing sampling context, elevation, temporal coverage, analytical method, and uncertainty. This database covers five continents and 20 countries, with the highest data density in the Himalaya–Tibet region. The database focuses on continental glacierized catchments where glaciers interact directly with surface waters and groundwater, excluding Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets due to their specific hydrological conditions.
The comparative analysis of isotope distributions reveals systematic contrasts among endmembers and continents. At the global scale, δ¹⁸O values (‰ VSMOW2) clearly distinguish cryosphere and hydrological endmembers. Continental-scale patterns of δ¹⁸O highlight the dominant influence of temperature, elevation, atmospheric circulation, and moisture source on isotope variability. North America shows the widest isotopic range due to strong latitude and elevational contrasts. Snow and glacier waters in the Andes are strongly depleted (−18 to −14‰) reflecting orographic effects. African data are limited but indicate warm conditions and evaporative enrichment, while Asia shows large variability driven by strong climatic and topographic gradients. European waters exhibit moderate depletion typical of mid-latitude precipitation regimes. Distributions of d-excess provide information on moisture sources and post-depositional processes. Most samples show positive d-excess values (8–15‰), indicating that the primary atmospheric signal is preserved.
Overall, this dataset aims to support the applications of isotope tracers in water resource studies a provides benchmark constraints for isotope-enabled hydrological models (e.g., iCESM, IsoHydro, JAMS200). The interpretations presented here represent an initial exploration of this unique global compilation. By making these data openly available, we aim to support more detailed investigations into the processes governing the hydrology of glacierized catchments.
How to cite: Jara Tarazona, E. E., Vital, M., Wade, A., Masse-Dufresne, J., Persoiu, A., Temovski, M., Dàvila Roller, L., Fernandoy, F., Lee, J., Nishonov, B., Ramirez, E., Saidaliyeva, Z., Shahgedanova, M., Tao, P., Vreca, P., and Vystavna, Y.: Global patterns of stable isotope signatures across cryosphere and hydrological components of glacierized catchments, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-7365, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-7365, 2026.
Ongoing climate change accelerates the degradation of permafrost, leading to an increased supply of meltwater and an intensified delivery of mineral sediments and organic matter to riverine and deltaic systems. Consequently, understanding the processes of hydraulic sorting and particle retention within deltaic environments, which determine the sediment budget and the “filtration efficiency” of these systems at the scale of the entire Arctic, becomes of critical importance.
The aim of this study is to identify the influence of hydraulic sorting mechanisms on changes in the size and concentration of suspended sediment particles during the passage of meltwater through the deltaic system of a large Arctic river. The study area is the lake-rich central part of the Mackenzie Delta (Canada, Northwest Territories). The experiment was conducted from the onset of ice-cover degradation until the end of the summer season, tracing the pathway of water transferred from the East Channel to the Middle Channel over a distance of approximately 12 km through three lakes permanently connected to the distributary channel network. Five monitoring stations for suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were installed, and measurements were carried out on eleven occasions between 24 May and 10 September 2025. In total, 120 suspended sediment samples were analysed.
The material was subjected to laboratory analyses of SSC and grain-size distribution using laser diffraction. The results show that, during the initial phase of observations, suspended sediments in the cold waters of the Mackenzie Delta (0.5–1.7°C) were characterized by SSC values ranging from 68 to 218 mg·l⁻¹ and by a bimodal grain-size distribution. In contrast, samples collected during the falling limb of the freshet (June–July) and during low-flow conditions (August–September) exhibited much lower SSC values, ranging from 10 to 68 mg·l⁻¹. Grain-size analyses indicate that, with increasing residence time of water in the lakes, a clear hydraulic sorting of particles according to their size occurs. This process results in the selective retention of coarser particles and aggregates within the lake zones, while finer silt–clay fractions continue to be transported towards the lower parts of the delta.
The dominant modal peak corresponds to the clay–silt fraction, typical of wash load, whereas a second peak in the range of 200–1000 µm, representing coarse and very coarse sand, appears only episodically during periods of increased discharge and enhanced turbulence. The fractional composition of suspended sediments at the end of May 2025 indicates a dominance of silt (70–85%), with clay contents of 5–10% and sand contents of 10–20%, of which the very coarse fraction (>250 µm) occurred only sporadically (<5%). This material can be classified as fine silt-dominated wash load with low settling velocities.
The obtained results confirm the key role of channel-adjacent lakes as natural hydraulic filters in Arctic deltas and demonstrate that hydraulic sorting of particle sizes and variability in settling dynamics are directly controlled by the hydrological regime of the spring freshet, the intensity of flow turbulence, and the cyclic processes of flocculation and destruction of sediment aggregates.
This research is financed by grant National Research Centre in Poland no. 2024/53/B/ST10/03483
How to cite: Brzezińska, M., Habel, M., Ciepłowski, D., Szlapa, M., Szatten, D., and Mukhopadhyay, A.: Role of deltaic lakes as hydraulic filters: sediment sorting in the Arctic river delta under changing flow regimes, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-21378, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-21378, 2026.
Piglet Glacier, formed by ~20% area loss of the Pine Island Ice Shelf in 2017-2020, provides a compact analogue for testing how ice‑shelf damage and retreat alters inland glacier dynamics and drainage-basin mass balance. We use Sentinel‑1 feature‑tracking (October 2014~) and CryoSat‑2 (July 2010~) interferometric swath altimetry to monitor change on Piglet Glacier through to May 2025, quantifying both the propagation of ice speedup and the thickness change response. Relative to a 2015-2017 baseline, speed near the grounding line increased by ~40%, with acceleration propagating ~50 km inland with no resolvable lag, indicating efficient transmission of reduced buttressing into grounded ice. Firn‑corrected altimetry reveals a concurrent intensification of dynamic thinning: the basin‑integrated dynamic volume‑loss rate rose from ~2.9 to ~4.5 km3 yr-1 (a 60% increase). Downstream, post‑calving acceleration was concentrated along pre‑damaged shear margins, and subsequent loss of shear‑margin mélange in 2024-2025 promoted further mechanical decoupling. Sustained shear‑margin attrition and frontal retreat are fragmenting the Pine Island basin system and accelerating mass loss from Piglet Glacier. This example provides a tractable benchmark for improving projections of West Antarctica’s near‑term sea‑level contribution. Future modelling studies should include shear‑margin damage, tributary detachment, and rapid inland transmission of buttressing loss, to improve process‑level constraints.
How to cite: Kim, B.-H., Choi, C., Lee, C.-K., Seo, K.-W., Lee, W. S., Na, J. S., Yoon, S., Eayrs, C., Wallis, B., Hogg, A., Pritchard, H., and Dutrieux, P.: Ice shelf retreat decouples Piglet Glacier from the Pine Island catchment and amplifies dynamic mass loss, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-2284, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-2284, 2026.
Repeated extensive Pleistocene glaciations of the European Alps have imposed a spatially heterogeneous imprint on Alpine topography. Physics-based frameworks of glacial erosion at the catchment scale explain prominent overdeepened topography in some areas, but mixed or subdued topographic signatures in others, with differences in coupled climatic, surface, and lithospheric factors that enhance or modulate glacial erosion potential. Yet, systematic orogen-scale connections between input glacial forcings and resultant observable morphometric features remain limited, and the spatial heterogeneity of glacial topographic reshaping remains poorly understood.
We target the prominently glaciated crystalline massifs of the Eastern (Hohe Tauern) and Central (Aar) and Western (Mont Blanc) Alps, which share rapid Neogene exhumation, resistant lithologies, and high local relief, yet exhibit intra-massif morphometric contrasts: steep, glacially overdeepened valleys adjacent to less glacially modified catchments. Our comparison addresses two key questions: Why do certain areas display more pronounced glacial reshaping than others despite widespread Last Glacial Maximum ice coverage? Which forcings (climatic, geodynamic etc.) dominate the development of end-member glacial morphometries, and do these inputs vary between and within the studied massifs?
We derive classical topographic and valley specific metrics from the ESA Copernicus 30-m resolution DEM using established geospatial tools, treating them as measurable landscape metrics. We use random forest regression analysis, drawing on model-derived glacial indicators, landscape-derived variables, modern uplift rates and time-integrated measurements such as exhumation and catchment-wide denudation rates, to identify the strongest predictors of glacial signatures.
Preliminary results underscore the interplay of geodynamic preconditioning and climatic modulation in generating distinct glacial fingerprints. This aligns with the findings of a suite of Alpine site-specific works using thermochronology, cosmogenic nuclides, and numerical modeling to investigate similar questions at a local scale, where these factors are spatially more uniform. Our ongoing work refines the statistical framework outlined and tests for possible process feedbacks. Advancing an orogen-scale understanding of climate-tectonic interactions in mountain landscape evolution can aid our understanding of the implications for sediment fluxes, geohazards, and ecological responses in mountain enviroments.
How to cite: Wapenhans, I., van der Beek, P., Valla, P., and Robert, X.: Correlating contributors to glacial morphometric signatures in the DEM topography of the European Alps’ crystalline massifs, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-6893, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-6893, 2026.
The study of glacier surges, which involve periodic increases in flow velocity even to several orders of magnitude, is crucial for a better understanding of glacier dynamics in Arctic regions. Knowledge of the causes, course, and mechanisms of this phenomenon can help determine the role of glaciers as indicators of global climate change. It is also very important for safety and risk management reasons. A relatively new method of studying glacial surges is the analysis of backscatter changes in SAR images, which indicate deformations and variable properties of the glacier surface during the active phase. However, unambiguous identification of the phenomenon requires analysis of changes in the surface velocity of the glacier.
In this study we analyze a time series of Sentinel-1 mission data for Svalbard for the years 2016-2025 to track the long-term dynamics of glaciers. We detect backscatter anomalies that can be associated with surge activity. We then compare the results with surface velocity data obtained by offset tracking on SAR imagery. Based on the results, we conclude that the two methods are complementary. The methodology used can be applied in further studies of glacier surges and expand the knowledge of surge mechanisms that are not yet fully understood.
How to cite: Czyżewski, M., Tympalski, M., Sompolski, M., and Milczarek, W.: Application of backscatter time-series analysis and offset tracking for the identification of glacier surges on Svalbard, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-10724, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-10724, 2026.
Glaciological research has demonstrated that mechanisms such as fracturing, faulting, and foliation play a fundamental role in controlling ice flow patterns, debris entrainment, and styles of glacier retreat across diverse dynamic settings. While these relationships are well-documented for High-Arctic polythermal and cold-based glaciers, and increasingly for marine-terminating systems, the structural evolution of active temperate valley glaciers remains comparatively understudied. This study addresses this gap through an investigation of Sandfellsjökull, an active temperate outlet of Mýrdalsjökull Ice Cap. Previous research at Sandfellsjökull has focused primarily on proglacial geomorphology, leaving the evolution of its internal structure and margin dynamics largely unconstrained. Here, a multi-method approach is applied to quantify surface and sub-surface characteristics, combining geospatial photogrammetric analysis of historical aerial orthophotographs, UAV-derived imagery, ITS_LIVE (Inter-mission Time Series of Land Ice Velocity and Elevation) products and digital elevation models (e.g., ÍslandsDEM v1.0) with detailed ice facies, structural, and sedimentological analyses at the glacier margin. These datasets are used to develop a conceptual model of structural evolution between 1945 and 2025 and to assess the influence of bedrock topography on deformation patterns and debris entrainment.
Preliminary results reveal pronounced lateral and down-glacier variability in structure and debris distribution. The southern margin exhibits longitudinal compressional crevassing and confined ice flow between bedrock outcrops, with supraglacial meltwater channels cross-cutting debris cones and feeding an active outwash system. In contrast, the northern margin is characterised by a concentric tephra band deforming around an undercut bedrock step and transitioning abruptly into stagnant, debris-covered ice undergoing passive downwasting. Stratigraphic analyses from 12 sections indicate a dominant dispersed ice facies with stratified debris bands entraining fine-grained tephra - likely derived from the 1918 Katla eruption - as well as angular basaltic lithologies derived from freshly plucked bedrock. These observations highlight the critical role of topography in governing glacier structure, debris entrainment, and retreat style, with implications for basal ice formation (regelation and glaciohydraulic supercooling) on adverse slopes. Ongoing work in this study integrates structural mapping with changes in fracture density, surface elevation and velocity, as well as meteorological data, to resolve the spatio-temporal evolution of Sandfellsjökull in the context of recent climate warming.
How to cite: Gath, M., J A Evans, D., Jamieson, S., and Guild, A.: Structural evolution of an actively retreating glacier (1945 - 2025) modulated by bedrock steps and terminal overdeepening: Sandfellsjökull, east Mýrdalsjökull, Iceland., EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-13879, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-13879, 2026.
In the northern Tien Shan, numerous glacier–moraine complexes (GMCs) composed of debris and ice have developed in front of glacier termini in this semi-arid region, but the conditions under which internal ice is maintained remain unclear. In this study, we investigated GMCs in front of the Adygine Glacier, located in the Kyrgyz Range of the northern Tien Shan, to clarify the relationship between internal structure and surface morphology. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys were conducted along 15 profiles with 48 electrodes at 5 m spacing in 2024 and 2025, and horizontal and vertical surface displacements were quantified using UAV-derived imagery.
The results showed that in the upper left bank, continuous flow from the glacier and connected subsurface ice were identified. In the middle left bank, although no surface flow was observed, continuous buried ice was present, accompanied by surface lowering. In the lower left bank, continuous buried ice connected to a tributary glacier was also detected. On the right bank, exposed bedrock was found in the upper part, where meltwater flowed over the surface without infiltration into debris. In the lower right bank, debris landforms were developed, but flow was weak and the frozen layer was discontinuous. These findings indicate that continuous ice supply from the glacier is crucial for maintaining subsurface ice within the GMC.
How to cite: Arai, T., Narama, C., Satarov, S., Mirlan, D., and Mizuno, K.: Surface flow and internal structure of glacier-moraine complex (GMC) in northern Tien Shan, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-16281, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-16281, 2026.
Sediment (dis)connectivity is a fundamental concept for the understanding of landscape evolution and sediment fluxes, yet its long-term variability across contrasting climatic and glacial conditions remains poorly constrained. In particular, glaciers are commonly treated as purely erosional agents, while their role in structuring sediment pathways and storage through time is still underexplored.
In this study, we investigate the evolution of sediment connectivity during key phases of Late Quaternary landscape development, from the pre-Last Glacial Maximum (>30 ka), the Late Late Glacial (~14.7–11.7 ka), to the present. The Terragnolo Valley, an Alpine catchment in the southeastern European Alps, provides an ideal natural laboratory, having been repeatedly shaped by glaciations involving both a local glaciares and the Adige trunk glacier (>1000 m thick), resulting in an exceptional abundance of glacial and proglacial deposits.
We adopt a methodological framework that explicitly considers glaciers and associated sedimentary bodies as dynamic controls on sediment (dis)connectivity within a watershed. High-resolution palaeotopographies (2 m DTMs) are reconstructed for each target time slice by integrating detailed geomorphological mapping, stratigraphic constraints, and terrain modelling techniques. Sediment connectivity is quantified using the Index of Connectivity (IC; Borselli et al., 2008; Cavalli et al., 2013), accounting for time-dependent forcing factors such as ice extent and evolving topographic configuration.
The IC-based analysis is complemented by field-based geomorphological observations, with particular attention to the identification of buffers and barriers following the conceptual framework of Fryirs et al. (2007). With this approach, we aim to reconstruct past sediment pathways and to explore how glacial dynamics promoted sediment storage, fragmentation of connectivity, or, conversely, efficient sediment transfer. Connectivity under modern conditions is computed using the SedInConnect software (Crema and Cavalli, 2018while specific topographic reconstruction enable its application to palaeolandscapes.
Our results aim to elucidate how glacier-driven landscape reorganization controlled sediment distribution and led to the development of disproportionate sediment accumulations in specific sectors of the catchment. By reconstructing sediment connectivity through multiple glacial–interglacial transitions, this study provides new insights into the long-term controls on sediment fluxes in Alpine environments and offers a framework for contextualizing present-day sediment dynamics within their Quaternary context.
How to cite: Vidi, C., Monegato, G., Rossato, S., Cavalli, M., Crema, S., and Fontana, A.: Reconstructing glacier-controlled sediment connectivity through time: Late Quaternary landscape evolution in the southeastern Alps, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-19350, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-19350, 2026.
Abstract
Arctic river delta systems are complex settings in which hydrological connectivity among river systems, distributaries, and lakes governs sediment transport, productivity, and resilience. Given the current state of Arctic climate intensification and the subsequent permafrost thaw, understanding these relationships has become increasingly crucial; however, progress has been hindered by the polar regions' inaccessibility and large spatial extent. In this paper, a satellite-based method for identifying connectivity between lakes and rivers using the Normalized Difference Suspended Sediment Index (NDSSI) derived from Sentinel-2 imagery is presented for the Mackenzie Delta region in north-western Canada. Regarding this investigation, multispectral optical imagery acquired during snow-free periods in 2023 - 2025 was used to examine spatial and seasonal changes in suspended sediment concentration and the influence of snow and ice using the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI). NDSSI values were compared with in-situ turbidity measurements from August 2023 and September 2025, indicating a strong and statistically significant relationship (r = 0.79, p < 0.001). Based on sediment signal intensity and the relationship between lakes and distributary channels, 34,448 lakes in the south-eastern delta were classified as permanently connected, seasonally connected, or hydrologically isolated. The findings indicate that sediment-optical signatures reliably identify active hydrological connections, particularly during the flood recession period when river sediment input is at its peak. The results demonstrate that NDSSI can detect concealed hydrological pathways in complex Arctic delta landscapes and provide a scalable metric for monitoring sediment dynamics and connectivity as climate and permafrost conditions evolve.
Keywords: Mackenzie Delta; hydrological connectivity; lake–river exchange; suspended sediment dynamics
This research is being conducted with the permission of the Government of Canada – North West Territories (NWT) – research licence number 17694 which was issued under application number 6131 and financed by grant National Research Centre in Poland no. 2024/53/B/ST10/03483: Arctic deltas as sponges: How do river deltaic plains now filter and trap sediment and carbon?
How to cite: Acharyya, R. and Habel, M.: Monitoring Lake–River Pathways: Remote sensing-based Detection of Sediment-Driven Connectivity across the Arctic Mackenzie Delta, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-20215, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-20215, 2026.
Glacier forelands are hotspots of accelerated environmental change in high mountain environments. As landscapes transition from glacial to non-glacial conditions, they undergo pronounced geomorphic and ecological disequilibrium driven by paraglacial adjustment and primary succession. These coupled dynamics control sediment redistribution, disturbance regimes, and emerging ecosystem functions. Yet, despite extensive local-scale research, there is still a lack of integrated, comparative datasets that quantify foreland development trajectories across sites and environmental gradients.
We build on the Austrian Glacier Inventory outline series (GI LIA ~1850; GI1 1969; GI2 1998; GI3 2006; GI4 2015; GI5 2023, forthcoming) to reconstruct retreat-derived surface-age domains across 582 Austrian glacier forelands exposed since the Little Ice Age maximum. Surface-age domains are derived from successive inventory differences, providing discrete deglaciation-stage units for chronosequence-based comparisons across contrasting geomorphic and climatic settings.
For the remote sensing component, we use Google Earth Engine–derived Landsat NDVI time series (1985-2025) to quantify vegetation development across glacier forelands, with Sentinel-2 integrated for recent high-resolution trajectories. Annual NDVI layers are generated as cloud-masked August 90th-percentile composites to represent near-peak seasonal vegetation conditions while minimising snow and cloud contamination. We extract annual mean NDVI and fractional vegetation cover (NDVI > 0.2) for each surface-age domain.
To link vegetation stabilisation with geomorphic forcing, we derive DEM-based predictors (e.g., slope, curvature, roughness, topographic wetness, and flow concentration) to delineate surface-process domains and terrain-based disturbance potential. This enables evaluation of how terrain setting and hydrologic controls modulate vegetation establishment, persistence, and disturbance-driven setbacks.
First results show pronounced heterogeneity in greening and stabilisation signals among Austrian glacier forelands. A pixel-based comparison of multi-year NDVI medians (2020-2024 minus 1985-1989) yields ΔNDVI values from −0.37 to +0.84. Classifying ΔNDVI into four greening/stability classes indicates that no–minor change dominates at the foreland scale (median ~70%), while moderate greening is widespread (median ~21%) and negative/unstable trends typically remain limited (median ~5%) but locally concentrate into persistent disturbance corridors, particularly in high-disturbance process domains.
Field validation in summer 2026 will combine stratified vegetation and geomorphic plot surveys with UAV-based orthomosaics and surface models across 15 representative forelands. This effort will be complemented by existing high-resolution datasets from Austria’s two largest forelands (Pasterze and Gepatschferner), supporting calibration of vegetation fractions and attribution of stabilisation trajectories to process-domain characteristics and surface mobility indicators. Together, these components form an integrated national baseline for cross-site analysis and long-term monitoring of glacier-driven surface-process and ecosystem trajectories. This contribution provides the basis for a public Austrian glacier-foreland vegetation change inventory and invites collaboration on validation, process interpretation, and cross-regional comparisons.
How to cite: Haselberger, S.: Towards an Austrian Glacier Foreland Inventory: Multi-decadal Greening Trajectories Linked to Terrain-based Disturbance Potential, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-20049, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-20049, 2026.
The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is a hotspot for sediment transport, where glaciers and their meltwaters deliver sediment and associated nutrients to proglacial outwash plains and the ocean. This outflux supports proglacial and marine ecosystems, where enhanced primary production can contribute to atmospheric CO2 drawdown and negative carbon feedback loops. As field measurements of sediment export from the GrIS are limited both spatially and temporally, we use Google Earth Engine to extract suspended sediment concentrations from Sentinel-2 near infrared reflectance measurements of meltwater flows exiting land terminating glacier systems in Greenland (ground truthed by field data from Watson River, Kangerlussuaq), where sediment export analysis is facilitated by meltwater estimates from the Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RACMO). Over the summer meltwater seasons of 2016 – 2024 we estimate a combined mean annual sediment flux of ~0.44 Gt yr-1, where we note that export has increased at an average rate of ~0.001 Gtyr-1 over the study period. Land terminating glaciers of the GrIS exported the greatest suspended sediment flux of 0.51 Gtyr-1 in 2022 and the lowest export of 0.24 Gtyr-1 in 2018. Regionally, southwest Greenland provides the greatest suspended sediment export per area, accounting for ~41% of total export over the study period. Our analysis provides the first estimate of proglacial sediment export from all land-terminating glacier systems in Greenland using Sentinel-2 imagery, allowing us to examine drivers of change and establish a baseline for assessing future changes in sediment delivery, as a result of climate warming. These changes will alter land systems in front of glaciers and impact sediment-derived nutrient delivery/ ecosystem response, with resultant implications for CO2 drawdown.
How to cite: Bartlett, H., Winter, K., Ross, N., Lea, J., and Woodward, J.: Suspended sediment export from land-terminating glaciers of the Greenland Ice Sheet (2016 – 2024), calculated from Sentinel-2 near infrared reflectance measurements, processed in Google Earth Engine, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-21030, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-21030, 2026.
Posters virtual: Tue, 5 May, 14:00–18:00 | vPoster spot 3
EGU26-20785 | ECS | Posters virtual | VPS26
Remote sensing analysis of water dynamics within floodplain lakes in the eastern part of the Mackenzie River deltaTue, 05 May, 14:24–14:27 (CEST) vPoster spot 3
River deltas play a crucial role in the transport of sediments and nutrients between river catchments and the sea. Scientific studies have demonstrated that Arctic deltas have a significant potential for sediment retention. Ongoing climate change is accelerating the thawing of permafrost, which largely constitutes the substrate of Arctic deltas, thereby affecting the morphological and hydrological evolution of these low-lying tundra systems.
The aim of this study is to estimate changes in the surface area and flood storage capacity of deltaic lakes using remote sensing methods. Optical and radar satellite data from Sentinel-2 and RADARSAT-2 were used, obtained under a grant from the Canadian Space Agency (application no. RCM CSA-RC-FORM-0003), together with advanced tools for spatial and radar data analysis. The selected study area is an eastern part of the Mackenzie River Delta (Canada, Northwest Territories), namely Big Lake, located near the city of Inuvik, approximately 130 km from the Beaufort Sea. The Big Lake is a through-flow lake with an area of about 800 ha. It is part of a system of approximately 2,000 lakes that maintain year-round connectivity with the East Channel, one of the main distributary channels conveying water within the delta.
The presented results are based on satellite and hydrological analyses conducted at the beginning of the ice-free water period, occurring at the turn of May and June. The study includes a comparison of satellite observations with gauge data. To determine the extent and volume of floodwaters, the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), advanced radar data analyses, and statistical analyses of hydrological data from Water Survey of Canada (WSC) were applied. Satellite imagery acquired during open-water seasons made it possible to delineate shoreline extents and the associated water surface elevations. Selected years from the period 2011–2024 were analysed; for example, it was estimated that at the turn of May and June 2024 the lake stored approximately 8.2 million m³ of water over a period of 49 days.
Considering sediment transport, the Mackenzie River is the largest supplier to the Arctic Ocean, delivers more than 100 million tonnes of sediment annually. Previous studies characterise these sediments as predominantly fine-grained fractions that are easily transported. The presence of an organic-rich catchment combined with the magnitude of fluvial sediment transport highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms governing sediment distribution, quantities, and areas of deposition within the delta system.
This research is being conducted with the permission of the Government of Canada – North West Territories (NWT) – research licence number 17694 which was issued under application number 6131 and financed by the Polish Ministry of Education and Science - National Research Agency, title: Evaluation of the settling velocity and trapping capacity of sediments in lakes in the Great Arctic River deltas, grant no. 2023/50/O/ST10/00597.
How to cite: Ciepłowski, D. and Habel, M.: Remote sensing analysis of water dynamics within floodplain lakes in the eastern part of the Mackenzie River delta, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-20785, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-20785, 2026.
EGU26-19976 | ECS | Posters virtual | VPS26
Cryoseismic monitoring in the Schirmacher Oasis, East AntarcticaTue, 05 May, 14:27–14:30 (CEST) vPoster spot 3
We conducted a two-month-long cryoseismic monitoring study in the Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica, to investigate icequake activity caused by the movement and melting of ice sheets. For this purpose, we deployed a Raspberry Shake seismometer on the Antarctic land and ice sheet for a month. Through a comparative analysis of the recorded seismic data, we gained insights into ice dynamics and diurnal icequake patterns. The Raspberry Shake instrumentation, powered by solar energy, offers a cost-effective approach for establishing a dense seismic network. During installation, the seismometer, solar controller, and Li-ion battery were housed in a wooden box lined with nitrile foam for insulation. The analysis suggests that icequake detections follow a distinct diurnal pattern, with more events occurring during the daytime. Furthermore, we also observe interdependence between icequake detections and high wind speeds.We use a multi STA/LTA approach for event detection on a continuous 11-day period while the seismometer was on ice. We detect 2249 icequake events, which are further manually classified into three categories. More than half of icequakes (67%) belong to a shallow origin and some are indicative of deep icequakes (9%).These findings highlight the need for a denser seismic network and more detailed investigations to further understand the impact of climate change on melting ice sheets.
How to cite: Sattasi, N. S., Silwal, V., Tm, M., Ahamad, A., Suthar, A., and Negi, S. S.: Cryoseismic monitoring in the Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-19976, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-19976, 2026.
EGU26-15851 | ECS | Posters virtual | VPS26
Geomorphological controls on the persistence and extent of Landfast Sea Ice in James Bay RegionTue, 05 May, 14:30–14:33 (CEST) vPoster spot 3
Bathymetry plays a critical role in determining the occurrence and stability of landfast sea ice, although its seasonal impact on sub-Arctic ice-covered shelves has yet to be thoroughly quantified and understood. Our study explores the ways in which nearshore bathymetry and coastal topography influence the spatial distribution, seasonal persistence, and variability of landfast sea ice, with an emphasis on shallow embayments of James Bay. Our hypothesis suggests that factors like coastal orientation and bathymetry provide extent and stability to the landfast sea ice in the James Bay region, rather than being exclusively governed by marine and atmospheric factors. Using satellite-derived observations of landfast sea-ice delineations, regional bathymetric datasets, and information on coastal geomorphological configuration, this analysis will quantify statistical relationships among the landfast-ice edge extent and persistence metrics with the bathymetric thresholds and coastal orientations. Initial findings indicate that recurrent landfast ice extents are larger and their persistence is higher when there is a shallow water column, undulating bathymetry with mounds, and/or offshore features. Our observations support the hypothesis that bathymetry plays a crucial role in determining the presence and stability of landfast sea ice. By explicitly correlating bathymetry and geomorphology with landfast ice phenology and stability indicators, our research aims to advance both conceptual and quantitative understandings within coastal ice modelling frameworks and refine projections concerning the response of landfast sea ice to ongoing Arctic amplification and climate change.
How to cite: Banerjee, D., Gupta, K., and Mukhopadhyay, A.: Geomorphological controls on the persistence and extent of Landfast Sea Ice in James Bay Region, EGU General Assembly 2026, Vienna, Austria, 3–8 May 2026, EGU26-15851, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-15851, 2026.
