Mantle convection, core dynamics, and the geodynamo are fundamental processes governing the long-term evolution of Earth and other terrestrial planets. Advances in observational techniques and numerical modelling now allow these Earth processes to be investigated across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This session will provide a holistic view of the influence of mantle convection and core dynamics and their surface expressions from geodetic to geological time scales using multi-disciplinary methods, including (but not limited to): geodetic, geophysical, geological, long-term evolution of the geomagnetic field, Earth's core dynamics, mineral physics, magnetism and the seismic imaging of mantle convective processes, as well as numerical modelling.

Our session will provide rich opportunities for presenters and attendees from a range of disciplines, demographics, and stages of their scientific career to engage in this exciting and multidisciplinary problem in Earth science.

Dynamical processes shape the Earth and other rocky planets throughout their history; their present state is a result of this long-term evolution. Early on, processes and lifetimes of magma oceans establish the initial conditions for their long-term development; subsequently their long-term evolution is shaped by the dynamics of the mantle-lithosphere system, compositional differentiation or mixing, possible core-mantle reactions, interaction with their fluid envelopes through outgassing and regassing, etc.. These processes can be interrogated through observations of the rock record, geochemistry, seismology, gravity, magnetism and planetary remote sensing all linked through geodynamical modelling constrained by physical properties of relevant phases.

This session aims to provide a holistic view of the dynamics, tectonics, structure, composition and evolution of Earth and rocky planetary bodies (including exoplanets) on temporal scales ranging from the present day to billions of years, and on spatial scales ranging from microscopic to global, by bringing together constraints from geodynamics, seismology, mineral physics, geochemistry, petrology, volcanology, planetary science and astronomy.

The origin and evolution of the continental lithosphere is closely linked to changes in mantle dynamics through time, from its formation through melt depletion to multistage reworking and reorganization related to interaction with melts formed both beneath and within it. Understanding this history is critical to constraining terrestrial dynamics, element cycles and metallogeny. We welcome contributions dealing with: (1) Reconstructions of the structure and composition of the lithospheric mantle, and the influence of plumes and subduction zones on root construction; (2) Interactions of plume- and subduction-derived melts and fluids with the continental lithosphere, and the nature and development of metasomatic agents; (3) Source rocks, formation conditions (P-T-fO2) and evolution of mantle melts originating below or in the mantle lithosphere; (4) Deep source regions, melting processes and phase transformation in mantle plumes and their fluids; (5) Modes of melt migration and ascent, as constrained from numerical modelling and microstructures of natural mantle samples; (6) Role of mantle melts and fluids in the generation of hybrid and acid magmas. These topics can be illuminated using the geochemistry and fabric of mantle xenoliths and orogenic peridotites, mantle-derived melts and experimental simulations.

This session aims to bring together a diverse group of scientists who are interested in how life and planetary processes have co-evolved over geological time, from the Precambrian to the Phanerozoic Eon. This includes studies of how changes in paleo-environments and -geography have influenced the evolution of complex life - including animals, plants, and marine ecosystems - and how, in turn, biological innovations have reshaped Earth system processes. We seek to link fossil records to paleo-Earth processes, highlighting the interplay between biological evolution and tectonic, magmatic, and surface processes and explore how alternating greenhouse-icehouse climates have influenced biodiversity and ecosystem structure. Further, as paleogeography exerts a fundamental control on Earth’s climate and the evolution of life, we welcome contributions that reconstruct paleogeography and explore its impacts, from the reconstruction of ancient supercontinents to the controls of ocean gateways on climate and biotic dispersals.
As an inherently multi-disciplinary subject, we aspire to better understand the complex coupling of biogeochemical cycles and life, the links between mass extinctions and their causal geological events, how fossil records shed light on ecosystem drivers over deep time, and how tectono-geomorphic processes impact biodiversity patterns at global or local scales. We further encourage submissions that use new approaches to unravel the interplay between paleogeography, paleoclimate, and biological evolution across Earth’s history. We aim to understand our planet and its biosphere and climate through both observation- and modelling-based studies.

Among planetary bodies, Earth presents the strongest set of constraints, making it a particularly valuable reference for understanding planetary systems and their evolution. This session focuses on innovative research that bridges planetary sciences and Earth system studies. We invite contributions that present techniques and methodologies developed for planetary sciences applications that can be applied to advance our understanding of Earth's systems. Additionally, we encourage submissions in comparative planetary sciences that analyse multiple celestial bodies, including Earth, to gain broader insights into planetary processes.

This session welcomes all studies on Mars science and exploration. With many active missions, Mars research is as active as ever, and new data come in on a daily basis. The aim of this session is to bring together disciplines as various as geology, geomorphology, geophysics, and atmospheric science. We look forward to receiving contributions covering both past and present processes, either pure Mars science or comparative planetology (including fieldwork on terrestrial analogues), as well as modeling approaches and laboratory experiments (or any combination of those). New results on Mars science obtained from recent in situ and orbital measurements are particularly encouraged, as well as studies related to upcoming missions and campaigns (ExoMars, Mars Sample Return).

Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) and hotspot systems represent major expressions of mantle melting, magma transport through the lithosphere, and rapid crustal emplacement. Their development involves a wide range of coupled mantle and crustal processes, including plume dynamics, plume-ridge interaction, lithospheric architecture, continental extension and breakup, magma storage, differentiation and assimilation, and the emplacement of intrusive and extrusive complexes forming new continental and oceanic crust. Increasing evidence shows that LIPs and hotspot tracks are characterised by strong temporal variability in magma supply, composition, and eruptive behaviour, spanning timescales from individual eruptions to million-year pulses. These magmatic fluctuations play a key role in crust-mantle mass transfer, the localisation of critical mineral resources, volatile release, and associated climatic and environmental perturbations.

Despite their importance, the tempo, magnitude, and physical controls of melt generation, transport, and emplacement in LIPs and hotspot systems remain incompletely constrained. This session seeks contributions that investigate the mechanisms driving temporal patterns in magmatism--from mantle melting dynamics and plume pulsations to melt migration, storage, and eruption--and how these processes propagate from depth to surface expressions such as lava piles, seaward-dipping reflectors, volcanic rifted margins, and hotspot island chains. We particularly encourage interdisciplinary studies combining high-resolution geochronology, stratigraphy, petrology, trace-element and isotopic geochemistry, geophysical imaging, numerical or analogue modelling, and environmental proxy records.

We also welcome contributions exploring the broader consequences of pulsed magmatism, including links to climate change, volatile and nutrient fluxes, ecosystem disruption or creation, island and seamount corridor dynamics, and biogeographic and macroevolutionary patterns. The goal of this session is to build a mechanistic, multiscale framework for the generation and temporality of hotspot and LIP magmatism, and to quantify its cascading effects on plate tectonics, Earth-surface systems, and life through geological time.

About 90% of the Earth’s volcanism is associated with convergent or divergent plate boundaries and can thus be satisfactorily explained by plate tectonics. However, the origin of anomalous volcanism within both continental and oceanic plate interiors (i.e. intraplate volcanism) as well as unusual on-boundary volcanism (e.g. Iceland) is less advanced. This enigmatic volcanism was initially attributed to mantle plumes, but in recent years new models have been developed to explain its origins (e.g. edge-driven convection, sublithospheric drainage). Modern improvements in instrumentation, techniques, and data availability (e.g. spatial-temporal resolution) have greatly expanded our understanding of Earth dynamics and structure. Re-evaluation, refinement, and new models for the origin of intraplate and unusual on-boundary magmatism have also provided insights on deep mantle processes and the complex interactions between Earth’s asthenosphere, lithosphere, and surface. Understanding what triggers magmatism unrelated to plate boundaries is critical in understanding the evolution of Earth’s mantle, surface dynamics, volcanism, and chemistry through time, including the initiation of plate tectonics, climate, and life. It is also key to understanding lithospheric deformation in the presence of underlying magma, past and present volcanic catastrophes, and the environmental impacts of magmatism through time. With the rise of space exploration and the development of spacecraft data analysis, this knowledge is also crucial to the understanding of magmatism on other planetary bodies in the solar system and beyond. This session aims to bring together cross-disciplinary work on intraplate and unusual plate boundary magmatism to stimulate interactions between researchers with diverse ideas, observations, approaches, and backgrounds. We welcome contributions that apply any appropriate method including (isotope) geochemistry, petrology, geophysics, volcanology, seismology, numerical and analogue modelling, drilling, plate kinematics, tectonics, sedimentology, field and structural geology, or thermo- and geo-chronology. Studies focusing on Large Igneous Province (LIP) magmatism, wide magmatic rifted margins (e.g. Laxmi Basin), or magmatism associated with continental material far offshore (e.g. Rio Grande Rise) are particularly encouraged. We also encourage innovative studies, the spanning of spatio-temporal scales, and thought-provoking ideas that challenge conventions.

Studying materials and processes under extreme pressure-temperature conditions is central to understanding the interiors and evolution of Earth and Earth-like planets. Deep inside our planet, diverse physical and chemical phenomena, such as core–mantle differentiation, mantle plume origins, and enigmatic low-velocity regions, govern planetary structure and long-term evolution. Yet our direct observations—seismological, heat flux, gravity, and geomagnetic fields—leave many aspects of the deep Earth open to interpretation. Insights into mineral physics properties—such as equations of state, elasticity, texture, transport properties, phase transitions, melting, and chemical reactivity—are critical to constrain models of planetary interiors. In parallel, geodynamical modeling allows us to test hypotheses about these processes by making quantitative predictions that can be compared with observations. The scope of such studies now extends beyond Earth. Since the commissioning of the James Webb Space Telescope in 2022, exoplanet characterization has accelerated, particularly for rocky, potentially habitable planets.

Recent advances in experimental and computational techniques now allow access to an unprecedented range of conditions relevant to planetary interiors. Static compression experiments with diamond anvil cells reach pressures in the megabar regime, while dynamic compression with free-electron lasers enables ultrafast measurements at extreme conditions relevant to large exoplanets—opening unique opportunities to capture transformations of matter linked to planetary evolution. Complementary computational methods, from ab initio simulations to large-scale geodynamical models, provide key insights to predict the properties of matter at depth and link them to observable planetary parameters such as seismic velocities, mass–radius relationships, or interior dynamics.

This session invites contributions from across planetary sciences that advance our understanding of materials and processes under extreme conditions. We particularly welcome studies addressing mineral physics properties, interior structure and dynamics, and the chemical and physical evolution of Earth and exoplanets. Abstracts highlighting novel experimental techniques, innovative synchrotron and FEL approaches, and cutting-edge modeling methods can all come together to reveal the complex interplay of chemistry, physics, and dynamics within Earth and planetary interiors.

Archean cratons, characterized by extensive granite–greenstone assemblages, represent the oldest preserved nuclei of Earth’s continental lithosphere. These ancient terrains are surrounded and overlain by coeval or younger sedimentary successions that provide critical insights related to the evolution of continental crust, seawater chemistry, early oxygenation events, and the primary biosignatures. Craton formation and evolution into a stable continent set the conditions for early life to thrive on this planet. Emergence of Archean cratons above the sea level formed shallow marine environments, which potentially harboured early life, and exposed silicate-rich rocks to surface weathering. It significantly modulated atmospheric CO₂ levels and helped regulate climate, a fundamental process to sustain long-term habitability. While many cratons survived since Archean, some of them are modified or even destroyed in the recent past. Their destruction might have disrupted lithospheric volatile reservoirs, releasing them into the atmosphere. Insights into these processes can improve present-day Earth system models, particularly those exploring carbon cycling and climate stability. However, our understanding remains fragmentary due to the scarcity of global datasets owing to limited preservation of Archean rocks. The latter is largely affected by resetting by later geological events such as metamorphism and/or tectonic overprinting.

To understand the earliest evolution of our planet, integrated and multidisciplinary approaches are essential. Isotope and elemental geochemistry, high-precision geochronology, petrology combined with geodynamic modelling will provide unique insights into the processes that shaped Earth’s earliest reservoirs. We welcome contributions from related disciplines that apply both established and innovative interdisciplinary approach towards addressing fundamental questions about pressing topics such as the differentiation and secular evolution of Earth’s crust and mantle, early reworking of the crust, transitionary stages of the ancient oceans and the nature of early tectonic regimes. These holistic studies will shed light on Earth's early formation, evolution, and transformation, revealing how initial habitable conditions were established and offering insights into ancient, possibly eroded, reservoirs.

Subduction is a dynamic process that drives and maintains plate tectonics, recycling the lithosphere and shaping Earth’s long-term evolution. Subduction zones are responsible for a large proportion of Earth’s volcanism and seismicity, where complex interactions between the subducting slab and the overriding plate occur. Observations from geophysics, geology, and geodesy have revealed intricate slab geometries and mantle flow patterns, linking subduction dynamics directly to surface deformation and hazards. Geochemical studies of volcanic arcs provide further insights into the chemical and thermal processes at play at the slab surface and within the mantle wedge, underscoring subduction's uniqueness among terrestrial planets and its implications for planetary evolution and habitability.

Recent advances in numerical and laboratory modeling have enhanced our understanding of subduction zone processes. However, challenges remain in achieving a consistent picture of the controlling parameters of subduction dynamics. Variations in methodologies, model setups, and input assumptions often lead to contrasting conclusions across geochemical, geodetic, tectonic, and modelling studies.

This session focuses on the dynamics of subduction zones from processes occurring at the Earth’s surface to interactions deep within the mantle, and on the physical mechanisms that control deformation and magmatism in the overriding plate. Topics include, but are not limited to: subduction geometry, kinematics, and dynamics; mineralogical processes in subduction; dynamics, generation and migration of fluids and melts; controls on volcanic arcs; subduction-induced seismicity; role of sediments and volatiles; influence of subducting seamounts, LIPs and ridges; links between surface tectonics, slab dynamics and mantle flow; slab delamination and break-off; imaging subduction processes; and the role of subduction dynamics in the supercontinent cycle.

We invite contributions from across disciplines — including geodynamics, geophysics, geochemistry, petrology, volcanology and seismology — to discuss subduction dynamics at all scales from the surface to the lower mantle, in both present-day and ancient natural laboratories. We particularly encourage integrative studies that bridge observations, models and scales. While the session is Earth-focused, we also welcome contributions that place subduction in a broader planetary perspective.

It is becoming clear that Wilson Cycle processes including rifting, drifting, inversion, and orogenesis are more complex than standard models suggest. In this session, we explore new understandings of Wilson Cycle processes, including the onset of extensional reactivation/rifting, breakup, ocean drifting, margin inversion, subduction initiation, and orogenesis. In rifted margins, oceans, subduction zones, and orogens, observations and models showcase the significance of inherited geological structures, lithospheric rheology, time-dependence, surface processes, magmatism, obliquity, and geometry in processes of rifting, drifting, and extensional reactivation. However, our understanding of the role and interaction of these factors remains far from complete. Unexpected observations such as continental material far offshore (e.g., at the Rio Grande Rise), wide-magmatic rifted margins (e.g., the Laxmi Basin), extensive subsidence and sedimentation during rift-basin inversion (e.g., in the Pannonian basin), and thermal imprinting from continental rifting affecting subsequent orogenesis (e.g., in the Pyrenees) continue to challenge conventional models and exemplify the need for further work on Wilson Cycle processes.

This session will bring together new observations, models, and ideas to help understand the complex factors influencing extensional reactivation, rifting, and drifting during the Wilson Cycle. Works investigating time-dependence, inheritance, plate kinematics, strain localisation, magmatism, obliquity, interior plate deformation, driving forces, sedimentation, surface processes, lithospheric/crustal structure, and the interaction/feedback between processes controlling the Wilson Cycle are therefore welcomed to this session.

Contributions from any geoscience discipline, including but not limited to geophysics, marine geosciences, seismology, ocean drilling, geochemistry, petrology, plate kinematics, tectonics, sedimentology, field and structural geology, numerical and analogue modelling, or thermo/geochronology etc., are sought. We particularly encourage cross-disciplinarity, innovative studies, spanning different spatio-temporal scales, and thought-provoking ideas that challenge conventions from any and all researchers, especially including students.

The Mid-oceanic ridges (MORs) provide unique opportunities to study two of the three tectonic plate boundaries: the divergent borders along and across the spreading ridge axis, and the tectonically dominated offset zones (e.g., transform faults). Our understanding of the processes building and modifying the oceanic lithosphere has increased over the past 20 years due to advances in deep-sea research technologies, and analytical and numerical modeling techniques. Increasingly, the processes inferred from the present oceanic lithosphere are also transferred into those operating in the Proterozoic and Archean. Yet, the relative role of magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes with their interaction in the formation and accretion of the oceanic lithosphere at the ridge, especially at slow and ultra-slow spreading ridges, and along transform faults, remains poorly constrained. Oceanic transform faults and their extension into the fracture zones have previously been considered to be relatively cold and magmatically inactive; however, evidence for magmatism has recently emerged. The complex network of associated faults provides ideal pathways for hydrothermal percolation into the Earth’s lithosphere and may therefore play a significant role in the chemical and the thermal budget of the planet, as well as in the chemical exchange with the ocean (e.g., nutrients). Yet, little is known about fluid circulation in the oceanic lithosphere in these ultra-slow settings. This session objective is to favor scientific exchange across multiple disciplines and to share recent knowledge acquired along mid-oceanic ridge axes and off-axis, besides the oceanic transform faults and their fracture zones. We particularly welcome studies using modern deep-sea high-resolution techniques and ocean lithosphere drilling. The session also welcomes contributions dealing with recent discoveries in hydrothermal systems, and which integrate geophysical, geochemical, petrological and geological data with numerical modeling tools.

Dynamic convergent systems along the western margin of the Americas and in the Caribbean provide exceptional natural laboratories to investigate subduction and plate-boundary processes across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. The boundaries of the Caribbean plate are actively deforming today, generating seismicity, volcanism, and vertical motions that pose significant hazards to densely populated regions. Along the west coast of the Americas, ongoing subduction is similarly associated with active deformation and records a complex long-term history of mountain building, basin evolution, and margin reorganization. This session welcomes contributions addressing short- and long-term subduction and plate-boundary processes, including active deformation, seismicity, magmatism, fluid circulation, deformation partitioning, mantle dynamics, and plate kinematic changes. We particularly encourage studies that integrate present-day observations with the geological and tectonic record, such as investigations of arc initiation and extinction, terrane accretion, collisions, and vertical motions. Contributions employing multidisciplinary approaches are especially encouraged, including geophysics, seismology, geodesy, structural geology, geochronology, geochemistry, and numerical or analogue modeling. Comparative studies linking the Caribbean with other segments of the American convergent margins are also welcome. By bridging regional and process-based perspectives, this session aims to foster dialogue between communities working on active tectonics, geological reconstructions, and geodynamic processes, and to advance our understanding of how subduction systems initiate, evolve, and reorganize through geological time.

The geodynamics of Southeast Asia presents a wide range of processes operating both at Earth’s surface and Earth’s deep interior, which together have shaped the evolution of our planet since the onset of plate tectonics. These processes include continental rifting and marginal basin rifting, long- to short-lived oceanic subduction, arc- and plume-related magmatism, collisional orogeny, and arc accretion. Many of these processes are ongoing today or were active during the Cenozoic, providing opportunities for detailed study. Main unknowns on the geodynamics of SE Asia include questions on the reconstruction of the proto-South China Sea plate, paleo-Pacific subduction, and proto-Philippines Sea plate as well as the connection with the Tethyan realm to the south, the collision of Australian-derived fragments in eastern Indonesia and associated extension processes. To address these issues, we invite contributions from across the Earth sciences, including field-based geology, geochronology, geochemistry of detrital minerals and magmas, seismology, geodynamic and thermo-mechanical modeling, and plate kinematic and tectonic reconstructions.

The session topic is interpretation and modelling of the geodynamic processes in the lithosphere-asthenosphere system and the interaction between crust and lithospheric mantle, as well as the importance of these processes for the formation of the discontinuities that we today observe in the crust and mantle. We aim at establishing links between seismological observations and process-oriented modelling studies to better understand the relation between present-day fabrics of the lithosphere and contemporary deformation and ongoing dynamics within the asthenospheric mantle.

The Tethyan Belt is the most prominent collisional zone on Earth, covering the vast area between far eastern Asia and Europe. The Tethyan Belt is the result of the subduction of the Tethyan Oceans, including significant terrane amalgamation, and collisional tectonics along the whole belt. The belt is today strongly affected by the ongoing convergence and collision between the Eurasian, African, Arabian and Indian plates. The long formation history and the variability of tectonic characteristics and deep structures of the belt make it a natural laboratory for understanding the accretion processes that have shaped the Earth through its history and have led to the formation of vast resources in the crust.

We invite contributions based on geological, tectonic, geophysical and geodynamic studies of the lithosphere. We particularly invite interdisciplinary studies, which integrate observational data and interpretations based on a variety of methods. Papers with focus on the structure of the crust and the nature of the Moho are also welcome.

Geodynamic and tectonic processes interacting across scales are the key engines in shaping the structural, thermal and petrological configuration of the crust and lithosphere. They constantly modify the thermal, hydraulic and mechanical rock properties, ultimately leading to a heterogenous endowment of (often co-located) subsurface resources.
Supporting the transition to sustainable low-carbon economies at scale poses significant challenges and opportunities for the global geoscience community. Improved integration and tighter interdisciplinary understanding of the subsurface processes that can provide access to alternative energy supplies and critical raw materials is needed, as are unifying science-backed exploration strategies and resource assessment workflows.
This session aims to improve our scientific understanding of the pathways and interdependencies that lead to the concentration of economic quantities of energy carriers or noble gases, mineral resources, and the formation of exploitable geothermal reservoirs. Further, it also focuses on providing input for exploration decision-making and scientific input for policy making as well as for the strategic planning of collaborative research initiatives.
We invite studies on observational data analysis, instrumentation, numerical modeling, laboratory experiments, and geological engineering, with an emphasis on integrated approaches/datasets which address the geological history of such systems as well as their spatial characteristics for sub-topics such as:
- Geothermal systems: key challenges in successfully exploiting geothermal energy are related to observational gaps in lithological heterogeneities and tectonic (fault) structures and sweet-spotting zones of sufficient permeability for fluid extraction.
- Geological (white/natural) hydrogen (H2) and helium (He) resources: potential of source rocks, conversion kinetics, migration and possible accumulation processes through geological time, along with detection, characterisation, and quantification of sources, fluxes, shallow subsurface interactions and surface leakage.
- Ore deposits: To meet the global continued demand for metal resources, new methods are required to discover new ore deposits and assess the spatio-temporal and geodynamic characteristics of favourable conditions to generate metallogenic deposits, transport pathways, and host sequences.

As the global energy transition accelerates, there is an increasing need to understand the lithosphere not only for critical minerals, but also for emerging resources such as natural hydrogen and geothermal energy. This session aims to bring together geoscientists—particularly geophysicists working across diverse methodologies—to foster interdisciplinary discussion and advance our understanding of how lithospheric architecture controls the formation, distribution, and preservation of these resource systems.

We invite contributions focused on imaging and characterising the continental lithosphere at scales ranging from regional to local, using geophysical array and profile data. Studies that integrate multiple datasets—such as electromagnetic surveys, magnetotellurics, seismic tomography and reflection, distributed acoustic sensing, gravity, magnetics, geoid, and heat flow—are particularly encouraged. We also welcome research that combines geophysical data with geological, geochemical, mineralogical, and petrophysical approaches to provide a holistic understanding of lithospheric processes.

This session will highlight advances that inform the discovery and sustainable development of critical minerals, natural hydrogen, and geothermal resources, ultimately contributing to a secure and low-carbon energy future.

Continental rifting is a complex process spanning from the inception of extension to continental rupture or the formation of a failed rift. This session aims to combine new data, concepts and techniques elucidating the structure and dynamics of rifts and rifted margins. We invite submissions addressing the time-dependent evolution of processes such as faults and ductile shear zones development, tectonic and sedimentary history, magma migration, storage and volcanism, lithospheric necking and rift strength loss, influence of the pre-rift lithospheric structure, rift kinematics and plate motion, mantle flow and dynamic topography, as well as break-up and the transition to seafloor spreading. We encourage contributions using multi-disciplinary and innovative methods from field geology, geochronology, geochemistry, petrology, seismology, geodesy, marine geophysics, plate reconstruction, or numerical or analogue modelling. Emphasis will be given to presentations that bridge spatial and temporal scales and integrate insights from active rifts, passive margins, and failed rift arms.

Crustal-scale low-angle normal faults (LANFs) and extensional detachments are dynamic structures, shaping the Earth’s crust over geological time intervals and potentially cumulating tens of kms of vertical and horizontal displacement. In the oceanic realm, they are also major players that accommodate (hyper) crustal extension and mantle exhumation at magma-poor passive margins and at slow to ultra-slow oceanic ridges, often linked to hydrothermal systems. Detachments testify thus to the past or ongoing crustal/lithospheric extension, where ductile and brittle deformation during strain localisation are characterised by (i) a progressive ductile-to-brittle transition during the shear zone evolution en route towards shallow crustal levels or (ii) can coexist at different structural levels, making the reconstruction of detachment evolution even more complex.
For this reason, constraints on brittle and ductile strain localisation and on their precise age of activation are increasingly relevant. This acquires a higher importance by looking at the architecture and mechanics of extensional detachments, where through-time superposed domains with different mineralogy and, thus, petrophysical properties, dramatically change the mechanical response of shear- and fault zones during progressive deformation. Coexisting or partitioned seismic vs. aseismic deformation, as well as repeated cycles of shear zone weakening/hardening and syn-tectonic fluid flow and fluid-rock interactions, might be governed by this through-time (and still partially underinvestigated) structural complexities.
- What guides this different deformation response of shear and fault zones?
- What allows the initiation and evolution of detachment zones, should they be continental or oceanic, and which processes act coevally or diachronously?
- What is the link between detachment formation and hydrothermal activity?
- What is the role of tectonic or thermal inheritance in the formation of LANFs and detachments?
All contributions fostering discussions on these points are welcome in this session, including comparisons between continental and oceanic systems. We encourage the submission of research based on a multidisciplinary and multiscale approach, encompassing, among others, field analysis, seismic and other geophysical investigations, numerical and laboratory modelling and absolute dating and petrological constraints of syn-kinematic fabrics and mineralisation.

Continental collision is one of the most significant processes in lithospheric evolution, driving mountain building, crustal thickening, and the formation of supercontinents. Within the context of the Wilson cycle, continental collision follows a sequence of continental rifting, ocean spreading, and subduction. Early-stage rifting and the development of passive margins therefore precede the accretion of continental fragments and the collision of continental margins, leaving behind intricate structural and stratigraphic records that complicate tectonic interpretations in convergent settings. Similarly, the resulting fold-and-thrust belts and orogens feature important characteristics of structural, thermal, and chemical inheritance that may impact future rifting events. Present-day fold-and-thrust belts demonstrate considerable diversity in spatial extent, rift-related structures, rheological characteristics, syn- and post-orogenic sedimentation, and magmatic activity—all of which influence the dynamics of previous collision and future rifting episodes and the distribution of georesources.
Positive and negative inversion tectonics have been the subject of intensive study, aiming to understand how inherited geological features control both short- and long-term evolutionary trends. Yet, several key questions remain open: i) How do variations in sequence stratigraphy, the presence of multiple décollements, structural segmentation, and syn-tectonic sedimentation influence collision and rifting processes? ii) How does the thermal evolution of rifting and post-rifting stages affect lithosphere-scale orogenesis and vice versa? iii) How does the rifting style (fast vs. slow, magmatic vs. non-magmatic) shape the structural and chemical character of deep orogenic roots and their subsequent activation as extensional zones? iv) What are the implications for georesources accumulation and preservation?
This session seeks to address these questions through a multidisciplinary lens. We invite abstracts that explore the short- and long-term dynamics, as well as the structural geometry and evolution of rift systems and orogens subsequently involved in positive or negative tectonic inversion, using a range of methodologies—including, but not limited to, structural fieldwork, cross-section construction and balancing, 3D structural modelling, seismic analysis, analogue and numerical modeling, rock mechanics, geomorphology, thermochronology, and geophysical investigations.

The Mediterranean Sea and the surrounding orogenic belts are located in a diffuse plate boundary zone accommodating the convergence between Africa and Eurasia. A broad range of geodynamic processes characterise this complex deformation zone, resulting in a significant geohazard.
The Mediterranean domain has been and continues to be a test bed for new imaging and geodynamic modelling techniques. While significant progress has been made in understanding the tectonic processes in the region, important questions regarding the driving forces, the three-dimensional lithospheric stress field, seismic coupling, and magma ascent remain unanswered. The integration of 3D geophysical imaging with geologic observations and modelling allows us to bridge spatial and temporal scales, providing an overview of the entire crust-mantle system.

In this session, we intend to create an interdisciplinary platform to present recent results and new concepts, as well as to highlight open questions and methodological challenges. Our focus will be on the evolution of Mediterranean tectonics and geodynamics, covering a time span from the Permian to the present.

We invite contributions from all disciplines and scales in the earth sciences including, but not limited to, field geology, geochemistry, petrochronology, volcanology, geophysical methods, geodesy, seismology, sedimentology, geodynamic modeling, and marine geology.

The North European (Caledonian), North American (Appalachian), and European–North African (Variscan) Paleozoic orogenic belts are a complex collage of accreted terranes and oceanic sutures defined by magmatism, deformation, and metamorphism. These orogenic belts do not represent isolated systems, detailed mapping and geochronological work has shown that subduction of oceanic crust in the Iapetan and Rheic systems was at least partly coeval. In addition, late Paleozoic overprinting of earlier orogenic features by tectonic and thermal events has obscured crucial geochronological, structural, and geochemical records. As a result, defining the continuity between individual terranes and oceanic sutures of various age in different areas remains a significant challenge. To address these issues, we invite colleagues across Earth Sciences to contribute to advancing our understanding of geodynamic processes and the large-scale organization of this complex orogenic collage. We particularly welcome detailed petrological, structural, geochronological, and multidisciplinary regional studies, as well as lithospheric- to mantle-scale modeling studies that target an integrated picture of Paleozoic re-arrangement of continents and ocean.

Subduction zones generate numerous natural hazards, including volcanism, earthquakes and tsunamis, and shape the landscape through a series of processes lasting from seconds to millions of years. Their dynamics are driven by complex feedbacks between stress, strain, rock transformation and fluid migration along and across the plate interface, from shallow to deep environments. Despite their utmost importance, the intricate time-sensitive thermo–hydro–mechanical–chemical (THMC-t) processes remain largely puzzling. This is essentially due to the complexity of integrating observations across multiple spatial, magnification and temporal scales (from the nanoscale and the grain boundary size to the plate interface, and from seconds to millions of years). Our session aims, therefore, at gathering recent advancements in observatory techniques, monitoring and high-resolution imaging of i) the plate interface kinematics, ii) the accretionary wedge, iii) the subducting slab, and iv) the mantle wedge in active and fossil subduction interfaces. This includes studies from a wide range of disciplines, such as seismology and geodesy, geodynamics, marine geosciences, field-based petrology and geochemistry and microstructure, rock mechanics and numerical modelling. We particularly encourage initiatives that foster collaboration between communities to achieve a comprehensive understanding of subduction systems through space and time.

We are looking for studies that investigate how tectonic plates move, how this movement is accommodated in deformation zones, and how elastic strain builds up and is released along faults and at plate boundaries. These studies should combine space- or sea-floor geodesy with observations like seismicity, geological slip-rates and rakes or sea-level and gravity changes.

How to best reference relative InSAR rate tiles to a plate? How can we infer the likelihood of future earthquakes from elastic strain buildup? How persistent are fault asperities over multiple earthquake cycles? Are paleoseismic fault slip rates identical to those constrained by geodesy? What portion of plate motion results in earthquakes, and where does the rest go? How do mountains grow? How well can we constrain the stresses that drive the observed deformation? How much do the nearly constant velocities of plates vary during the earthquake cycle, and does this influence the definition of Earth's reference frame?

We seek studies using space and sea floor geodetic data that focus on plate motion, deformation zones, and the earthquake cycle. Key questions include earthquake likelihood, fault slip-rates, uplift rates, non-elastic strain, and sea-level changes.

The Eastern Mediterranean is one of the most tectonically active regions on the earth, shaped by the complex interaction of the African, Arabian, and Eurasian plates. Its geodynamic evolution involves subduction, collision, strike-slip faulting, crustal block extrusion, and slab deformation. These processes generate a natural laboratory to investigate how lithospheric deformation is driven and accommodated across spatial and temporal scales.

The region hosts major continental transform faults, including the North Anatolian, East Anatolian and Dead Sea Faults, along with the Hellenic Arc, all of which have produced devastating earthquakes both in historical times and in the recent past. The interplay between shallow fault activity and deep-seated mantle processes remains a matter of debate, and recent destructive earthquakes have emphasized how critical it is to improve comprehension of seismic cycle and the geodynamic process that controls it.

This session welcomes multidisciplinary contributions — including neotectonics, seismology, tectonic geodesy (e.g. GNSS, InSAR), paleoseismology, tectonic geomorphology, structural geology, remote sensing, and geodynamic modelling — to advance our understanding of active tectonics and geodynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean. We particularly encourage submissions from early career researchers.

The evolution of orogens and sedimentary basins is driven by the complex interplay between crustal deformation, mantle dynamics, and climate-driven surface processes. Despite longstanding recognition of their importance, the feedback mechanisms linking erosion, sediment transport and deposition, crustal tectonics, and mantle dynamics—including magmatism—remain poorly understood.
We aim to better understand the overall source to sink system from eroding orogens to subsiding lacustrine or marine basins and their sedimentary infill. Advancing our understanding of these coupled systems requires an interdisciplinary approach. A major challenge lies in quantifying uplift, erosion, subsidence, and sedimentation, while distinguishing the respective roles of crustal deformation, mantle flow, and climate-driven processes—each acting across different spatial and temporal scales and often leaving overlapping signals in the geological record.
This session brings together comprehensive studies that integrate observational data (e.g., field studies, geophysical and well data, thermochronology), theoretical frameworks, and both analogue and numerical modelling. Our goal is to foster dialogue between disciplines and highlight innovative approaches that bridge mantle, lithospheric, crustal, and surface processes.
We welcome contributions that explore the coupling of tectonics and surface processes, including the roles of climate, erosion, sedimentation, and deep Earth dynamics in shaping the Earth's surface over time.

Accurate knowledge and understanding of the subsurface stress state and their variation are crucial for a wide range of topics, from plate tectonics and geohazards to mass transport and engineering applications. Conventional and emerging applications such as geothermal energy, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), hydrogen or gas storage or disposal of nuclear waste are pivotal for a low-emission society, with their efficacy heavily reliant on knowledge of the subsurface stress state. The difficulty in determining the stress state and constraining subsurface structures though requires advances in modelling algorithms and inversion methods, as well as the development of concepts, experiments, and new measuring techniques.
This session calls for contributions that showcase novel methodologies and/or ambitious case studies. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:
- Advances in stress orientation and magnitude estimation
- New methodologies for 3D geomechanical modelling, including deterministic, stochastic, hybrid approaches or stress state visualisations
- Outstanding case studies highlighting crustal stress characterisation, fault stability, and/or the application of geomechanical modelling
- Advances in computational efficiency and uncertainty quantification
- Innovative use of machine learning and AI in enhancing models and approaches
This session brings together geoscientists, modellers, and computational experts from an academic and application background to discuss the latest advancements and challenges, offering insights into the future direction of characterizing the present subsurface stress state.

The physical and structural properties of the crust and lithosphere are often explored independently through numerous geophysical modelling and inversion methods, from tomographic to potential field investigations, among others. Recent developments in joint processing and modelling has been beneficial in highlighting the advantages of complementary, multi-disciplinary geophysical datasets for the comprehensive understanding of the Earth's structure. This session invites studies undertaken for imaging at multiple spatial scales (from near-surface to lithosphere) of diverse parameters (physical state of the medium, identification of seismogenic zones, mapping natural resources, seismic hazard assessment) through joint modelling and inversion of complementary geophysical datasets (passive seismological, gravimetric, magnetic, geochemical, active seismics, etc.). As submissions are not restricted to the listed approaches, we look forward to receiving applications of other novel integrated approaches as well. We strongly welcome submissions from Early Career Scientists.

Many regions of the Earth, from crust to core, exhibit anisotropic fabrics which can reveal much about geodynamic processes in the subsurface. These fabrics can exist at a variety of scales, from crystallographic orientations to regional structure alignments. In the past few decades, a tremendous body of multidisciplinary research has been dedicated to characterizing anisotropy in the solid Earth and understanding its geodynamical implications. This has included work in fields such as: (1) geophysics, to make in situ observations and construct models of anisotropic properties at a range of depths; (2) mineral physics, to explain the cause of some of these observations; and (3) numerical modelling, to relate the inferred fabrics to regional stress and flow regimes and, thus, geodynamic processes in the Earth. The study of anisotropy in the Solid Earth encompasses topics so diverse that it often appears fragmented according to regions of interest, e.g., the upper or lower crust, oceanic lithosphere, continental lithosphere, cratons, subduction zones, D'', or the inner core. The aim of this session is to bring together scientists working on different aspects of mechanical anisotropy to provide a comprehensive overview of the field. We encourage contributions from all disciplines of the earth sciences (including mineral physics, seismology, magnetotellurics, geodynamic modelling) focused on mechanical anisotropy at all scales and depths within the Earth.

Rocks are multiphase, anisotropic, and reactive materials whose mechanical response depends sensitively on deformation rate, pressure, and temperature. To grasp their effective rheology, one must consider processes that operate across a wide range of scales—from atomic‑level interactions involving vacancies and dislocations, fluid-rock interactions, to lithospheric‑scale models in which rock rheology is described as a long-term visco-elastic fluid flow.

The aim of this session is to bridge short‑time, small‑scale observations with long‑time, large‑scale phenomena. By integrating geodynamic investigations, experimental constraints, and theoretical formulations, we seek a unified understanding of the interacting mechanisms that drive geological deformation.

We invite contributions from all disciplines that explore how grain‑scale processes and rheology influence the overall mechanical behavior of geomaterials.

Understanding rock deformation requires zooming into the finest details of mineral fabrics down to the nanoscale. Electron and X-ray microscopy performed with laboratory instruments or synchrotrons provides a wide range of imaging techniques in real space (e.g., micro-tomography, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, backscattered- and secondary-electron microscopy, ptychography) and reciprocal space (electron-backscatter diffraction, transmission micro-XRD, small-angle X-ray scattering). This session welcomes studies that use these cutting-edge analytical techniques to investigate strain localization, fluid–rock/mineral interactions, and the links between nano(geo)sciences- to regional-scale deformation across the Earth’s crust. We particularly encourage contributions that integrate such high-resolution datasets with natural observations, experimental techniques and numerical modelling.

Classic models predicting a depth that separates brittle deformation in the upper crust from a region below in which deformation is dominated by ductile processes have long been outdated. In fact, the deformation behavior of Earth’s lithosphere is more complex and brittle and ductile processes may interact throughout the lithosphere. In the rock record, brittle deformation may be expressed as features ranging from micro-fracturing of mineral grains up to seismic ruptures (e.g., pseudotachylytes) or large-scale faults, and ductile deformation is typically expressed as shear zones ranging from millimeter to kilometer scales. Factors known to determine whether strain is accommodated by brittle and/or ductile processes include, but are not limited to: material properties (e.g., grain size, composition), strain rate, strain incompatibilities, pressure-temperature conditions, the availability of fluids, and rock modification by metamorphic reactions.

The multitude of possible factors determining the deformation style in the lithosphere make a comprehensive understanding of the deformation behavior of Earth’s lithosphere challenging. In this session we aim to tackle the complex topic of lithospheric deformation by combining observations from natural rocks with those from experimental and numerical studies.

Geological and geophysical data sets convey observations of physical processes governing the Earth’s evolution. Such data sets are widely varied and range from the internal structure of the Earth, plate kinematics, composition of geomaterials, estimation of physical conditions, dating of key geological events, thermal state of the Earth to more shallow processes such as natural and “engineered” reservoir dynamics in the subsurface.

The complexity of geological processes arises from their multi-physics nature, as they combine hydrological, thermal, chemical and mechanical processes. Multi-physics couplings are prone to nonlinear interactions ultimately leading to spontaneous localisation of flow and deformation. Understanding the couplings among those processes therefore requires the development of appropriate numerical tools.

Integrating high-quality data into physics-based predictive numerical simulations may lead to further constraining unknown key parameters within the models. Innovative inversion strategies, linking forward dynamic models with observables, and combining PDE solvers with machine-learning via differentiable programming is therefore an important research topic that will improve our knowledge of the governing physical processes.

We invite contributions from the following two complementary themes:

1. Computational advances associated with
- Alternative spatial and/or temporal discretisation for existing forward/inverse models
- Scalable HPC implementations of new and existing methodologies (GPUs / multi-core)
- Solver and preconditioner developments
- Combining PDEs with AI / Machine learning-based approaches (physics-informed ML)
- Automatic differentiation (AD) and differentiable programming
- Code and methodology comparisons (“benchmarks”)

2. Theoretical advances associated with
- Development of partial differential equations to describe geological processes
- Inversion strategies and adjoint-based modelling
- Numerical model validation through comparison with observables (data)
- Scientific discovery enabled by new numerical modelling approaches
- Utilisation of coupled models to explore nonlinear interactions

The global transition towards sustainable energy and green technology is reliant on critical resources -- such as geothermal energy sources and mineral deposits. To maintain and accelerate progress, we require an improved understanding of: (i) how and where these resources arise; (ii) techniques to identify, characterise and constrain prospective locations; and (iii) strategies for effective, sustainable and low-impact resource development. Addressing any of these questions requires advances in our ability to simulate a wide range of geological processes, and in our capacity to generate actionable insights from these models in combination with complex, uncertain observational datasets.

This session focusses on the computational and methodological developments necessary for progress towards more sustainable energy. We welcome submissions that address a diverse range of topics -- including simulation e.g. of themo-chemical flow processes, subsurface imaging, data fusion and AI -- with their application to critical resources as a unifying theme.

Sitting under a tree, you feel the spark of an idea, and suddenly everything falls into place. The following days and tests confirm: you have made a magnificent discovery — so the classical story of scientific genius goes…

But science as a human activity is error-prone, and might be more adequately described as "trial and error". Handling mistakes and setbacks is therefore a key skill of scientists. Yet, we publish only those parts of our research that did work. That is also because a study may have better chances to be accepted for scientific publication if it confirms an accepted theory or reaches a positive result (publication bias). Conversely, the cases that fail in their test of a new method or idea often end up in a drawer (which is why publication bias is also sometimes called the "file drawer effect"). This is potentially a waste of time and resources within our community, as other scientists may set about testing the same idea or model setup without being aware of previous failed attempts.

Thus, we want to turn the story around, and ask you to share 1) those ideas that seemed magnificent but turned out not to be, and 2) the errors, bugs, and mistakes in your work that made the scientific road bumpy. In the spirit of open science and in an interdisciplinary setting, we want to bring the BUGS out of the drawers and into the spotlight. What ideas were torn down or did not work, and what concepts survived in the ashes or were robust despite errors?

We explicitly solicit Blunders, Unexpected Glitches, and Surprises (BUGS) from modeling and field or lab experiments and from all disciplines of the Geosciences.

In a friendly atmosphere, we will learn from each other’s mistakes, understand the impact of errors and abandoned paths on our work, give each other ideas for shared problems, and generate new insights for our science or scientific practice.

Here are some ideas for contributions that we would love to see:
- Ideas that sounded good at first, but turned out to not work.
- Results that presented themselves as great in the first place but turned out to be caused by a bug or measurement error.
- Errors and slip-ups that resulted in insights.
- Failed experiments and negative results.
- Obstacles and dead ends you found and would like to warn others about.

For inspiration, see last year's collection of BUGS - ranging from clay bricks to atmospheric temperature extremes - at https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU25/session/52496.

The dynamics of magmatic systems are governed by complex, multiscale processes that span from melt generation in the mantle to magma transport, storage, and surface eruptions. These processes include fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, phase changes, and chemical and rheological interactions, which are coupled and operate over spatial scales from nanometres to kilometres and temporal scales from seconds to millions of years. Understanding such systems increasingly relies on computational approaches that integrate, interpret, and test insights from experimental and observational data.

At the same time, rapid advances in imaging, microscopy, and monitoring techniques are producing large, high-dimensional datasets across a wide range of scales and modalities. Visualisation and correlation methods are therefore becoming central to the modelling workflow, enabling meaningful comparisons between simulations, laboratory experiments, and natural observations, and facilitating the identification of patterns, structures, and emergent behaviour in complex magmatic systems.
This session brings together computational modelling, visualisation, and data correlation approaches applied to volcanic and magmatic processes across the GMPV domain. We invite contributions that develop, apply, or validate forward and inverse models, machine learning techniques, and other computational methods. We also welcome work demonstrating advanced 2D, 3D, and 4D visualisation, multiscale data integration, and cross-technique correlation, particularly where these approaches bridge scales and connect models with observations and experiments.

The session aims to provide a platform for in-depth technical exchange between researchers working on modelling, data analysis, and visualisation, strengthening links between computational, experimental, and observational communities within GMPV.

Seismic data come in many forms, from raw waveforms to tomographic models. Throughout acquisition, processing, and inversion, uncertainties propagate and obscure our understanding of Earth's interior and subsurface. Quantifying and interpreting these uncertainties is vital for robust geological and geodynamical inferences.
In seismic tomography and imaging, uncertainties are often described by resolution metrics, such as resolution matrices or resolving kernels, or by summary statistics derived from posterior samples via Bayesian methods. Recently, machine learning techniques—including variational inference, learned distributions, and likelihood-free approaches—have been introduced to quantify uncertainty, offering promising alternatives. However, fully understanding the meaning of these uncertainties, their interactions, and their influence on model interpretation remains a major challenge.
Once quantified, how do these uncertainties affect downstream applications in geodynamics, mineral physics, or earthquake hazard assessment? Are tomographic inferences reliable enough to support these fields, or do uncertainties limit our conclusions?
Beyond observational data, other uncertainty sources—such as model parameterisation, prior assumptions, and the choice of forward models—add complexity. How do these modelling choices influence the recovered Earth structure and its uncertainties? How can we distinguish genuine Earth features from modelling artefacts?
This session invites contributions that:
• Develop or apply novel methods for quantifying uncertainty in seismic tomography,
• Explore how uncertainty impacts Earth structure interpretations,
• Compare different uncertainty quantification approaches,
• Address model validation and benchmarking amid uncertainty,
• Investigate how tomographic uncertainties propagate into fields like geodynamics, mineral physics, or hazard modelling.
We welcome studies covering global and regional scales, body-wave and surface-wave tomography, full-waveform inversion, ambient noise imaging, and any seismic method where uncertainty is crucial. Cross-disciplinary and innovative methodological contributions are particularly encouraged.

This session addresses the interdisciplinary and challenging issue of extreme variability across scales, from theory to applications. Because this variability is ubiquitous this session focuses on edge-cutting research in various geophysical domains.

Tectonic faults accommodate plate motion through a spectrum of seismic and aseismic slip that spans a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Understanding the mechanics and interplay between these deformation modes is central to seismotectonics, as it directly influences the seismic hazard assessment. Fluids play a key role by modulating effective stress and interacting with the evolving permeability and porosity of fault zones. Such hydro-mechanical and chemical feedbacks can promote transitions between stable and unstable slip, influencing earthquake nucleation and arrest as well as the occurrence of slow fault slip phenomena. Advancing our understanding of these processes is essential for constraining the physical conditions that control fault slip behaviors. We invite contributions from observational, experimental, geological, and theoretical studies that explore the diversity and interplay among seismic and aseismic slip phenomena in various tectonic environments. Key questions include: (1) How do fluids, fault properties, and loading conditions shape the distribution of seismic versus aseismic slip? (2) Can the same fault patches host different slip behaviors over time? (3) What systematic spatial or temporal relations exist between aseismic and seismic slip?

Computational earth science uses modelling to understand complex physical systems which cannot be directly observed. Over the last years, numerical modeling of earthquakes has provided new approaches to apprehend the physics of earthquake rupture and the seismic cycle, seismic wave propagation, fault zone evolution, and seismic hazard assessment. Recent advances in numerical algorithms and increasing computational power enable unforeseen precision and incorporation of multi-physics components in physics-based simulations of earthquake rupture and seismic wave propagation but also pose challenges in terms of fully exploiting modern supercomputing infrastructure, realistic parameterization of simulation ingredients, and the analysis of large synthetic datasets. Meanwhile, advances in laboratory experiments link earthquake source processes to rock mechanics.

This session brings together modelers and data analysts interested in the physics and computational aspects of earthquake phenomena and earthquake engineering. We welcome contributions spanning all aspects of seismic hazard assessment and earthquake physics - from slow slip events, fault mechanics and rupture dynamics, to wave propagation and ground motion analysis, to the seismic cycle and interseismic deformation and links to long-term tectonics and geodynamics - as well as studies advancing the state-of-the art in the related computational and numerical aspects.

Fault systems accommodate deformation through a wide and complex spectrum of slip behaviors, ranging from aseismic creep and episodic slow-slip events to earthquakes. Field and laboratory observations, and seismological and geodetic data along with numerical and analogue modelling show that slip behavior of faults is governed by the interplay of multiple factors acting over a wide range of spatial (from nanometers to kilometers) and temporal (from milliseconds to million years) scales. These factors include tectonic setting, interactions between fault network patterns, structural and geometrical complexity, mechanical and rheological heterogeneities, slip history, fluid pressure and chemistry, and temperature. Despite significant advances, how these interconnected factors collectively control the deformation partitioning within fault systems and the resulting seismic or aseismic behavior of individual fault segments and patches remains a fundamental and unresolved challenge, with major implications for understanding the seismic cycle. This session invites contributions that investigate how fault zones and fault systems accommodate deformation using multidisciplinary and multiscale approaches. We particularly encourage studies based on field and microstructural analyses of exhumed faults, laboratory experiments, geochemical characterization of fluids, seismological and geodetic observations of active faults, and numerical and analogue modelling. Our aim is to foster discussion on fault geometrical complexity and slip behavior, from the scale of entire fault systems down to the physico-chemical processes controlling local fault properties, with implications for understanding complex earthquake sequences and improving seismic hazard assessment in seismically active regions.

Seismicity and deformation in subduction and collisional settings result from diverse interacting processes operating over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Subduction zones, which account for 90% of the global seismic moment release, host a spectrum of earthquakes from shallow megathrust and overriding-plate events to intermediate- and deep events, while collisional settings show distributed faulting and complex interactions between shortening, strike-slip and extensional deformation. In both settings, the role of stress transfer, fluids and lithospheric structure remains central questions in understanding earthquake occurrence.
This session invites interdisciplinary contributions that address the mechanics controlling seismicity and fault deformation in subduction and collisional settings. We welcome studies that integrate seismological, geodetic, and modelling approaches to address key questions including: (i) what physical processes control seismicity patterns and fault behaviour across different depths and tectonic settings?; (ii) How do stress interactions, rheology, fluids, climate and surface processes drive the spatial and temporal evolution of seismicity?; (iii) How can multi-scale observations, from high-resolution geophysics to paleoseismology, improve our understanding of active fault systems and short- to long-term seismic hazard assessments?
By bridging insights from different convergent margins, this session aims to advance our understanding of earthquake generation and the factors shaping seismic hazard worldwide.

Fluids play a critical role in the physical and chemical evolution of the Earth’s crust. They control heat and mass transfer, drive mineral reactions, and have a strong influence on deformation processes. The movement and interaction of aqueous geofluids with rocks in the upper crust are therefore fundamental for processes such as critical raw material mineralisation and the development of geothermal systems. Understanding fluid flow drivers, pathways, and fluid–rock interactions requires approaches that can bridge spatial and temporal scales, from tectonic plates down to individual grains.

We invite to this session all contributions that address fluid flow and fluid–rock interaction in especial those that bridge scales, explore the dynamics of the systems and apply new numerical, experimental, or analytical techniques that improve our ability to understand fluid flow in the Earth’s crust.

Fluid-rock interactions play a pivotal role in shaping crustal dynamics and influencing subsurface engineering processes. From the shallow sedimentary rocks down to the deep magmatic and metamorphic rocks, fluids govern aspects such as deformation localization, earthquake genesis, and the emergence of metamorphic reactions and rheological weakening. In most cases, there is a dynamic feedback between fluids, deformation and metamorphism at all scales. Fluids are critical not only for creating robust models of the solid Earth but also for advancing subsurface engineering endeavors like geothermal energy recovery, hydrogen storage and extraction as well as permanent carbon storage.
As we navigate through the ongoing energy transition, enhancing these interactions for maximum geo-resource efficacy is a vital priority. The legacy inscribed within rock records paints a vivid picture of intricate interplay between mineral reactions, fluid flow and deformation—testaments to the often-intense nature of fluid-rock interactions.
This session aims to draw the current picture of the advances and challenges, whether conceptual, methodological, or experimental when considering the role of fluid-rock interactions. We invite contributions that utilize an array of methodologies, ranging from natural observations, microstructural assessments, and geochemical analyses to rock mechanics, all intertwined with modelling techniques. This modelling can span from ab initio simulations to continuum scale simulations, ensuring a comprehensive exploration of fluid-rock/mineral interactions. Contributions that harness the power of artificial intelligence and its subsets are particularly encouraged.

Over the last decade, machine learning methods have established themselves as essential tools for geophysical data analysis, often substantially improving upon the conventional routines. They are applied across diverse datasets, ranging from seismic, GNSS, and InSAR measurements to laboratory recordings, to answer questions spanning states and processes of the Solid Earth and environmental systems. Nonetheless, numerous challenges remain in the application of machine learning for geophysical data, such as:

- How can machine learning bridge different data modalities and capture the different scales of geophysical processes?
- How can we efficiently encode physics knowledge into machine learning models or extract physical insights from machine learning black boxes?
- What standardized datasets and evaluation benchmarks are needed to ensure fair comparison, reproducibility, and progress?
- How can simulated data help alleviate data-poor scenarios, such as rare extreme events?
- What is the impact of recent developments in artificial intelligence, such as the advent of large language models and foundation models on geophysics?
- How can we lower model complexity to reduce environmental impact and enable use in low-power contexts?
What are the best practices for integrating machine learning into mission-critical production systems, such as early warning applications?

In this session, we aim to address these questions and related active topics in the development and application of machine learning for geophysical data. We aim to bring together machine learning researchers and practitioners from different geophysical domains to identify common challenges and opportunities. We welcome contributions from all fields of geophysics, covering a wide range of data types and machine learning techniques. We also encourage contributions for machine learning adjacent tasks, such as big-data management, data visualization, or software development.

It has become more than evident by now that the increasing complexity and resource intensiveness of performing state-of-the-art Earth System Science (ESS), be it from a modeling or a pure data collection and analysis perspective, requires tools and methods to orchestrate, record and reproduce the technical and scientific process. To this end, workflows are the fundamental tool for scaling, recording, and reproducing both Earth System Model (ESM) simulations and large-volume data handling and analyses.

With the increase in the complexity of computational systems and data handling tasks, such as heterogeneous compute environments, federated access requirements, and sometimes even restrictive policies for data movement, there is a necessity to develop advanced orchestration capabilities to automate the execution of workflows. Moreover, the community is confronted with the challenge of enabling the reproducibility of these workflows to ensure the reproducibility of the scientific output in a FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) manner. The aim is to improve data management practices in a data-intensive world.

This session will explore the latest advances in workflow management systems, concepts, and techniques linked to high-performance computing (HPC), data processing and analytics, the use of federated infrastructures and artificial intelligence (AI) application handling in ESS. We will discuss how workflows can manage otherwise unmanageable data volumes and complexities based on concrete use cases of major European and international initiatives pushing the boundaries of what is technically possible and contributing to research and development of workflow methods (such as Destination Earth, DT-GEO, EDITO and others).

On these topics, we invite contributions from researchers as well as data and computational experts presenting current scientific workflow approaches developed, offered and applied to enable and perform cutting edge research in ESS.

Motivation

Although in some communities (e.g., meteorology, climate science) the tradition of software writing has a long history, most scientists are not trained software engineers. For early-stage scientific software projects, which are typically developed within small research groups, there is often little expectation that the code will (1) be used by a larger community, (2) be further developed or extended by others, or (3) be integrated into larger projects. This can lead to an “organic” evolution of code bases that result in challenges related to documentation, maintainability, usability, reusability, and the overall quality of the software and its results.

The wider availability of large computing resources in recent decades, along with the emergence of large datasets and increasingly complex numerical models, has made it more important than ever for scientific software to be well-designed, documented, and maintainable. However, (1) established practices in scientific programming, (2) pressures to produce high-quality results efficiently, and (3) rapidly growing user and developer communities, can make it challenging for scientific software projects to

- follow a common set of standards and a style,
- are fully documented,
- are user-friendly, and
- can be maintained, easily extended or reused.

Session content and objectives

We invite developers or users of software projects to prepare presentations about the challenges and successes in the following topics

- Good practices for developing scientific software
- Modularization
- Documentation
- Linting
- Version control
- Open source and open development
- Automatization of quality checks and unit testing
- Planning new projects
- User requirements and the user-turned-developer problem
- Painless and energy-efficient programming solutions across computing architectures
- Modularization and reliability vs performance and multiplatform capacity
- Large-dataset compression and storage workflows

These presentations will show how different projects across geoscientific fields tackle these problems. We can discuss new strategies for bettering scientific software development and raising awareness within the scientific community that robust and well-structured software development enables meaningful and reproducible results, supports researchers —especially doctoral and post-doctoral students— in their work, and accelerates advances in data- and modelling-driven science.

Are you unsure about how to bring order in the extensive program of the General Assembly? Are you wondering how to tackle this week of science? Are you curious about what EGU and the General Assembly have to offer? Then this is the short course for you!

During this course, we will provide you with tips and tricks on how to handle this large conference and how to make the most out of your week at this year's General Assembly. We'll explain the EGU structure, the difference between EGU and the General Assembly, we will dive into the program groups and we will introduce some key persons that help the Union function.

This is a useful short course for first-time attendees, those who have previously only joined us online, and those who haven’t been to Vienna for a while!

This short course introduces non-geologists to the fundamental principles of plate tectonics, structural geology, petrology, and geomorphology, showing how geologists study Earth’s materials and processes. A one-afternoon pre-conference field excursion will allow the participants to link observations in nature with geological theory.

The data available to geologists are often minimal, incomplete, and only partially representative of the geological history of our planet. To make sense of such limited information, geologists need to develop strong observational skills, master field techniques, and apply analytical methods to interpret the data accurately. By doing so, they gain an understanding of how the Earth has evolved through space and time, from its formation to the present.

We cover the following subjects:
0) Pre-conference field excursion – Linking observation and theory
1) The principles of geology – From mantle to surface
2) Mantle – Understanding the interior of the Earth
3) Crust – What rocks reveal about Earth’s processes
4) Surface – How landscapes form and evolve
5) Q&A session!

Pre-conference field excursion
We will host a half-day geological excursion, to link field observations with the theory behind Earth’s materials, structures, and processes. The excursion will take place at 12:30 on Sunday May 3 before the General Assembly, within 60 minutes by public transport from central Vienna. Participants should bring their own lunch, no additional costs are involved. Guided by the course experts, participants will explore rocks and structures in the field and discuss their formation and evolution. The excursion is designed at an entry level, giving participants a sense of how geologists study rocks in the field. This section will soon be updated with more details and a registration form.

60-minute short course
Our aim is not to turn you into a geology specialist, but to give you an idea of the data we use to study the Earth. We will introduce some of the methods currently used to collect geological data and we will show the challenges geologists face in the field. The course is designed to give you a feel for the capabilities of geological research and to foster interdisciplinary thinking.

The 60-minute short course is part of a series of introductory 101 courses that also includes Exoplanets, Geodesy, and Seismology. All courses are led by experts who aim to make complex Earth Science concepts accessible to non-experts.

After the detection of thousands of exoplanets, the field has moved from the era of discovery to the era of characterisation. Remote observations now provide constraints on radii, masses, and atmospheric compositions, offering crucial insights into the physical and chemical properties of these worlds. Yet, without techniques long developed in the geosciences, it is impossible to fully interpret such data.

This short course will begin with an introduction to exoplanet observations, then progress through planetary structure, composition, mineralogy, cloud formation, atmospheric chemistry, and dynamics. It will highlight how methods from climate science, geophysics, geochemistry, and experimental petrology can be applied to exoplanet research, including a hands-on session on 4D climate data and mineralogical phase diagrams.

The aim is to provide participants with the physical understanding and computational tools needed to characterise exoplanets. The course is designed for early-career scientists from diverse backgrounds.

How do seismologists detect and locate earthquakes? Is seismology only about earthquakes? Seismology has become an essential tool across various geo-disciplines, complementing fields like tectonics, geology, geodynamics, volcanology, hydrology, glaciology, and planetology.

In Seismology 101, we will introduce the fundamental concepts and methods of seismology. This course remains tailored to those unfamiliar with the subject, particularly early career scientists. We will provide an overview of key methods and processing techniques applicable to surface processes, near-surface geological structures, and the Earth’s interior. The course will emphasise how advanced seismological techniques can enhance the interpretation of results from other disciplines.
Topics include:
- Basic principles of seismology, including earthquake detection and location
- Understanding and interpreting "beachballs" (focal mechanisms)
- The distinction between earthquake risks and hazards
- An introduction to free tutorials at seismo-live.org and other useful tools
- Applications of seismic methods for imaging the Earth’s interior (at various scales), deciphering tectonics, and monitoring volcanoes, landslides, glaciers, and more.

While we won’t turn you into the next Charles Richter in 60 minutes, we aim to increase your awareness of how seismology can support geoscience. Each topic will be discussed in a non-technical manner, highlighting both strengths and potential limitations. This course will help non-seismologists better understand seismic data and foster enriched interdisciplinary discussions.

The short course is organized by early career seismologists and geoscientists, who will present examples from their own research and high-impact reference studies for illustration. This 60-minute short course is part of a quintet of introductory 101 courses on Geodesy, Geodynamics, Geology, Seismology, and Tectonic Modelling. All courses are led by experts who aim to make complex Earth science concepts accessible to non-experts.

Visualisation of scientific data is an integral part of scientific understanding and communication. Scientists have to make decisions about the most effective way to communicate their results every day. How do we best visualise the data to understand it ourselves? How do we best visualise our results to communicate with others? Common pitfalls can be overcrowding, overcomplicated or suboptimal plot types, or inaccessible colour schemes. Scientists may also get overwhelmed by the graphics requirements of different publishers, for presentations, posters, etc. This short course is designed to help scientists improve their data visualisation skills so that the research outputs would be more accessible within their own scientific community and reach a wider audience.
Topics discussed include:
- golden rules of DataViz;
- choosing the most appropriate plot type and designing a good DataViz;
- graphical elements, fonts and layout;
- colour schemes, accessibility and inclusiveness;
- creativity vs simplicity – finding the right balance;
- figures for scientific journals (graphical requirements, rights and permissions);
- tools for effective data visualisation.
This course is co-organized by the Young Hydrologic Society (YHS), enabling networking and skill enhancement of early career researchers worldwide. Our goal is to help you make your figures more accessible to a wider audience, informative and beautiful. If you feel your graphs could be improved, we welcome you to join this short course.

How can you ensure your research is heard within your community and beyond? Reaching the public, policymakers, or journalists requires more than good science: it takes clear and engaging communication. This short course will provide guidance on how you can share your work through press releases, blogs, and media interviews. You will learn practical tips for writing popular science pieces, how to avoid common mistakes when speaking to the media, and how to get ready for interviews. Join us to get tips to build confidence and develop essential skills to communicate your science clearly and engage with a wider audience.

Software plays a pivotal role in various scientific disciplines. Research software may include source code files, algorithms, computational workflows, and executables. It refers mainly to code meant to produce data, less so, for example, plotting scripts one might create to analyze this data. An example of research software in our field are computational models of the environment. Models can aid pivotal decision-making by quantifying the outcomes of different scenarios, e.g., varying emission scenarios. How can we ensure the robustness and longevity of such research software? This short course teaches the concept of sustainable research software. Sustainable research software is easy to update and extend. It will be easier to maintain and extend that software with new ideas and stay in sync with the most recent scientific findings. This maintainability should also be possible for researchers who did not originally develop the code, which will ultimately lead to more reproducible science.

This short course will delve into sustainable research software development principles and practices. The topics include:
- Properties and metrics of sustainable research software
- Writing clear, modular, reusable code that adheres to coding standards and best practices of sustainable research software (e.g., documentation, unit testing, FAIR for research software).
- Using simple code quality metrics to develop high-quality code
- Documenting your code using platforms like Sphinx for Python
- Using GIT and Github for version control

We will apply these principles to a case study of a reprogrammed version of the global WaterGAP Hydrological Model (https://github.com/HydrologyFrankfurt/ReWaterGAP). We will showcase its current state in a GitHub environment along with example source code. The model is written in Python but is also accessible to non-python users. The principles demonstrated apply to all coding languages and platforms.

This course is intended for early-career researchers who create and use research models and software. Basic programming or software development experience is required. The course has limited seats available on a first-come-first-served basis.

Scientists commonly need to write code but often lack formal training in software engineering.
One key element of professional software engineering is proper version control of code, allowing one to: develop and manage code effectively, backup the code online and go back to previous stages, detect introduced bugs faster, and collaborate on a shared codebase.

The undisputed standard tool of version control is git and ideally, all code should be put under version control.

So if your code is not yet managed with git, this course is for you!

This short course requires no prior knowledge of git and will introduce the fundamentals of working with git from the command line:
- clone a git repository
- make changes and check for them
- create commits
- back up our code online on Github
- switch between branches
- merge branches

We will show you how to do these steps, and then help you follow along.
Finally, you will have the possibility to put one of your own coding projects into version control.


Looking forward to seeing you at the workshop!

Konstantin, Ben, Philipp


You can find the workshop material here: https://github.com/k-gregor/git-workshop
Further reading: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1733

In April 2023, EPOS, the European Plate Observing System launched the EPOS Data Portal (https://www.ics-c.epos-eu.org/), which provides access to multidisciplinary data, data products, services and software from solid Earth science domain. Currently, ten thematic communities provide input to the EPOS Data Portal through services (APIs): Anthropogenic Hazards, Geological Information and Modelling, Geomagnetic Observations, GNSS Data and Products, Multi-Scale Laboratories, Near Fault Observatories, Satellite Data, Seismology, Tsunami and Volcano Observations.
The EPOS Data Portal enables search and discovery of assets thanks to metadata and visualisation in map, table or graph views, including download of the assets, with the objective to enable multi-, inter- transdisciplinary research by following FAIR principles.
This short course will introduce the EPOS ecosystem and demonstration of integrated virtual research environment where users can stage their data and run Jupyter Notebooks, either from existing examples or their own. We see this interactive coding and development environment as a gate towards faster scientific progress and enabling open science.
It is expected that participants have scientific background in one or more scientific domains listed above. The training especially targets young researchers and all those who need to combine multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary data in their research. The use of the EPOS Platform will simplify data search for Early Career Scientists and potentially help them in accelerating their career development. Feedback from participants will be collected and used for further improvements of the EPOS system.