The ongoing and rapid change of the Earth system is attributable primarily to pressures of society, thus being characteristic for the Anthropocene. In response, research activities in the earth, environmental and social sciences have expanded. However, the interplay of the multiple phenomena requires a deeper integration of the different research strands, combined with an additional focus on sustainability transformations. The session will explore major gaps in current research on the Anthropocene and the potentials of a more explicit Integrative and Transformative Research on Earth and Societies. It addresses the following research areas: (i) systems approaches for the earth and societies to deal with the heterogeneity and dynamics of the main interlinkages across spatial and temporal scales and societal levels; (ii) scientific rationales for societal agreement on planetary boundaries and societal goals for basic needs as well as institutional arrangements for negotiation, implementation and monitoring of these boundaries and goals; and (iii) innovations fostering transformation of societal and environmental pressures and resilience to Earth system impacts and risks according to planetary boundaries and societal goals, taking into account levers, perceptions and capacities. The intended outcomes are supposed to facilitate opening a newly approaching chapter in Anthropocene research.