Limiting global temperature rise requires achieving net-zero CO2 emissions - where sources of carbon emissions are balanced on net by sinks. Achieving net-zero GHG emissions, as outlined in Article 4.1 of the Paris Agreement, goes further: sinks of carbon outweigh sources resulting in net-negative CO2 emissions. Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) will be critical to achieving both milestones and CDR approaches are gaining prominence in both national target setting as well as corporate net-zero strategies.

There are a wide variety of CDR approaches, ranging from the conventional, like reforestation and ecosystem restoration, to the more novel, like Direct Air Capture with CCS, Enhanced Rock Weathering, and Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement, which have yet to be proven at scale. We welcome contributions that highlight critical aspects of the use of CDR approaches in climate mitigation strategies with a focus on the potential and co-benefits of different methods at various scales, sustainability limits and feasibility of different options in portfolios of approaches, and the risks of different strategies - either to people, the environment, or of CO2 rerelease due to loss of durable storage or other sustainability goals. Contributions that touch on societal aspects in particular CDR policies and governance, including the impact of carbon markets and the ability to Monitor, Report, and Verify (MRV) removals are also encouraged.

We invite a broad range of approaches and perspectives, spanning studies using fully coupled Earth System Models (ESMs), Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), as well as economic and social science methods.