The Silk Road was a network of trade routes that stretched from central China to the Pamir Mountains, through Central Asia and Arabia to India and Rome, and played a key role in facilitating economic, cultural, political and religious exchanges between East and West. The central part of the Silk Road, located in arid Central Asia, is highly sensitive to environmental changes. Climate and environmental changes, especially changes in water availability, could significantly influence the spatio-temporal distribution of the Silk Road network, trans-Eurasian exchanges and human migration, as well as the civilizational development. This session seeks to enhance comprehension of how environmental change influenced trans-Eurasian exchange and Silk Road civilization by fostering interdisciplinary collaboration among natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. By uniting historians, archaeologists, geneticists, and climatologists, we aim to leverage methodological advancements and identify relevant data towards a coordinated database to drive an intellectual revolution in Silk Road studies. Through interdisciplinary dialogue, we encourage innovative questions and perspectives that advance research in this field.